Example: Oxidation of ethanol by NAD+ in the presence catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase Calculate the standard free energy change for the reaction below: Ethanol + NAD* 2 acetaldehydye + NADH + H*
Q: Consider the following reaction: CH,OPO CH,OPO CH-OH CH-OPO ATP ADP н но он phosphofructokinase-1…
A: In the third step of glycolysis, fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. An…
Q: Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change…
A: ADP + Pi → ATP G= + 30.66 KJ /mol By the electron transport chain, NADH reoxidation has a free…
Q: The kinetics data shown in this graph are from the enzyme lactate dehydrognase, which catalyzes the…
A: The graph that is peesnted is LB plot or Line weaverburk plot.This is a double reciprocal plot where…
Q: Please balance the reaction below. Considering the pe0 of Pb2+/Pb0 and O2/H2O are -2.13 and 14.5,…
A: Pb0/Pb2+ will occur at anode as this is oxidation reaction as Pb gets oxidized O2/H2O will pccur at…
Q: What is the ΔG◦’ of ATP hydrolysis according to these data and is the overall reaction spontaneous?…
A: ∆G'° for any reaction is a fixed parameter as it is defined by standard condition. For spontaneous…
Q: Compare the transketolase and transaldolase reactions in terms of substrates, products, mechanism,…
A: Transaldolase is an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate and…
Q: Suggest a name for the enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions. a. transfer of a…
A: Cellular respiration or cell respiration happens in the living cells. In the cellular respiration…
Q: explain in quantitative terms the circumstances under which the following reaction can porceed;…
A:
Q: Using the symbols X-H2 and Y, draw a coupled oxidation-reduction reaction. Designate the molecule…
A: An increase in the rate of a reaction without changing itself and the final product, Catalyst is…
Q: Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction from the citric acid cycle. Given the listed…
A: The reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase is given below. Malate + NAD+ ⇌ Oxaloacetate +…
Q: Write balanced equations for each of the reactions of thecitric acid cycle.
A: The citric acid cycle or the Kreb's cycle or the TCA cycle is the series of eight-step reactions…
Q: What Underlying Principle Relates ATP Couplingto the Thermodynamics of Metabolism?
A: The cellular processes occur via stepwise chemical reactions in which these reactions are…
Q: Which of these statements concerning this reaction is true? acetaldehyde + NADH ↔ ethanol + NAD+…
A: Cellular respiration is the process by which an organism produce energy in the form of ATP. This ATP…
Q: NAD+ coenzyme is required for the reaction of ethanol in the liver to ethanal and NADH. Write down…
A: In liver, ethanol is converted into acetaldehyde, an ethanal and a carcinogen by the enzyme alcohol…
Q: If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for…
A: The delta G (dG) or change in Gibbs free energy determines whether a chemical reaction is favorable…
Q: Show the carbon atom that changes oxidation state during the reaction catalyzed by…
A: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis in…
Q: Consider the reaction: Malate + NAD +→ Oxaloacetate + NADH (AG° = +29.7 kJ/mol) A cell at 25°C has…
A: All cells require energy in the form of ATP to carry out a variety of functions, such as active…
Q: For each of the (unbalanced) reactions shown below, indicate whether the reactant is being oxidized…
A: Cells are machinery structures which carry out various complex controlled biochemical reactions in…
Q: If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for…
A: Given: ADP + Inorganic phosphate →ATP ∆G10=-7.3 kcal/mol…
Q: What terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP +…
A: The Gibbs free energy change determines whether a biochemical reaction is favorable or not. It…
Q: When grown anaerobically on glucose, yeast (S. cerevisiae) converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde, then…
A: equilibrium constant at 25 °C will be:
Q: Provide a concise stepwise mechanism for the following reaction, using curved arrows to depict…
A: Enzyme complex branched chain alpha keto-acid dehydrogenase enzyme complex catalyzes the oxidative…
Q: The concentrations of pyruvate, NADH, H+, lactate, and NAD are 2, 1.5, 1.5, 1.2, 1.2 mm,…
A: The quantitative study of the energy change in the living cells and of the nature is known as…
Q: Given the following question, for each of the three reactions catalyzed by NADH dehydrogenase…
A: The mitochondrial respiratory chain or electron transport chain is a biological oxidation process in…
Q: Calculate the standard free-energy change, deltaG°, for the reaction in which acetaldehyde is…
A: Standard free energy of biochemical reaction is related to standard reduction potential ∆Go = -nFEo…
Q: Select the following enzymes that utlize a mechanism involving covalent catalysis. Select ALL that…
A: Covalent catalysis: The process of covalent catalysis involves the formation of covalent bonds…
Q: a With which of the possible fates of pyruvate – acetyl CoA, lactate, and ethanol – is each of the…
A: Cellular respiration is the process by which glucose is metabolized and produce energy in the form…
Q: Glucose 1-phosphate is converted into fructose 6-phosphate in two successive reactions. Reaction 1:…
A:
Q: The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction lactate (CH3 CHOHCOO )+NAD* =…
A: The change in Gibbs free energy (∆G°) is the free energy change in formation of products from…
Q: Consider one of the reactions of the citric acid cycle shown below Malate + NAD+ ⇆ Oxaloacetate +…
A: Given that the Gibbs free energy of the malate to oxaloacetate conversion reaction is a positive…
Q: Complete the following diagram, using arrows to show the flow of electrons, for this reaction…
A: GAP dehydrogenase or Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) is an enzyme found in the…
Q: Most biochemists agree that the most accurate number of H+ needed to generate one ASP is blank.…
A: Two ATP were formed as a result of glycolysis, two NAD+ were reduced to two NADH + H+, and glucose…
Q: List the following substances in order of their increasing oxidizing power: (a) acetoacetate, (b)…
A: Oxidizing power - Oxidizing power is defined as the ability to gain electrons. Oxidation is define…
Q: Calculate the standard free-energy change, deltaG'o, for the reaction in which acetaldehyde is…
A: Relevant reaction and their standard reduction potential: Acetaldehyde + 2H+ + 2e- →ethanol…
Q: a With which of the possible fates of pyruvate – acetyl CoA, lactate, and ethanol – is each of the…
A: Respiration is the process by which glucose is breakdown into pyruvate. This pyruvate convert into…
Q: Calculate the standard free-energy change, deltaG'o, for the reaction in which acetaldehyde is…
A: NADH is used as the biological electron carrier and is used for the reduction of Acetaldehyde in…
Q: Write the equation for net citric acid cycle and calculate one cycle equivalent to how many ATP?
A: Aerobic cellular respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen. It has three major steps that…
Q: The mechanism of chymotrypsin is used as a model for studying enzyme reaction mechanisms. Answer…
A: A catalytic triad is a group of three amino acids, which is found in the active site of certain…
Q: In the oxidation reduction reactions identify what is being oxidized and what is being reduced.
A: Oxidation is loss of hydrogen and reduction is gain of hydrogen. Proline and glutamine both can be…
Q: Write an equation for the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.
A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC) complex is considered as the crucial complex, which is known to…
Q: Which of the following reactions would you expect to proceed in the direction shown, under standard…
A: Dear students, The given question has multiple subparts. According to the guidelines, we will…
Q: Find the net potential (DE°) and DG° (in kJ/mol) and Keg for the reaction below and determine if the…
A:
Q: Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction from the citric acid cycle. Given the listed…
A: Malate dehydrogenase is citric acid cycle enzyme (metabolism) catalyzes the oxidation of malate into…
Q: Suggest a name for an enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions. Oxidation of nitrite…
A: The catalysis in which the performance of the biological molecule increases by the enzyme is called…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
- Using the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase, give an example of a case in which conserved residues in slightly different positions can change the catalytic rate of reaction.Examine the ActiveModel for alcohol dehydrogenase and describe the structure and function of the catalytic zinc center.Using understanding of the thermodynamics laws, explain the energy transformations for the following processes. a. Glucose – Pyruvase + 2ATF + 2NADH b. Pyruvate – Acetyl-CoA + NaDH c. Citric acid – Oxoloacetate + 3NaDH + FADH2 + ATP d. H20 at PSII – ATP e. Photon at PSI – NADPH f. Co2 + RuBp – 3PG + ATP + NADPH – G3P (1/6 of which is converted to glucose)
- What terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for maltose synthesis from glucose + glucose is +3.7 kcal/mole, calculate the standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + glucose g ADP + maltose + inorganic phosphate.) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is non-spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative)Given the following information, calculate the physiological ΔG of the isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction at 25°C and pH 7.0: [NAD+]/[NADH] = 8, [α-ketoglutarate] = 0.1 mM, and [isocitrate] = 0.02 mM. Assume standard conditions for CO2 (ΔG°′ is given in Table). Is this reaction a likely site for metabolic control?During Krebs cycle, the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-keto glutarate involves all of the following reactions/mechanisms except Reduction of isocitrate Reduction of NAD+ Decarboxylation of isocitrate Oxidation of isocitrate
- Lactate can be converted into pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NAD+. Write the reaction in the standard biochemical format, using a curved arrow to show the involvement of NAD+.Calculate the net ATP production with the total number of NADH and FADH2 produced in the following complete oxidative metabolism of: 1. 17-carbon fatty acids 2. oleic acid Please show your overall solutions and mechanics in calculating ATP.Consider a 17:0 fatty acid in a mammalian cell where propionyl CoA is completely oxidized. For each fatty acid given, determine the following. Gross ATP from b-oxidation cycles Gross ATP from acetyl CoA produced Gross ATP from conversion of propionyl CoA (if applicable) Total number of ATP deducted Total net ATP
- Write out the balanced chemical equation for the oxidation of C16:cis-9 to acetyl-CoA, including electron transfers and oxidative phosphorylations (ATP). (Convert the NADH & FADH2 to ATP) 1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP 1 NADH = 2.5 ATPGiven the following information on reduction potentials, calculate the standard free energy in kJ/mol based on your understanding of electron transfer through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Round to nearest whole number. Lipoamide + 2H+ + 2e- → dihydrolipoamide ∆εο = -0.29 FAD + 2H+ + 2e- → FADH2 ∆εο = −0.01For the following enzymes (3-6) predict how the conditions will most likely affect the enzymes activity with one of the following and provide a 1 sentence explanation: a. increase activity b. decrease activity c. not likely to alter activity 3) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex binding to AMP when [AMP] is high. 4) phosphohexose isomerase binding NADH when [NADH] is high 5) phosphofructose-1 binding NAD+ when [NAD+] is high 6) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex binding to ATP when [ATP] is high