From gene expression studies on cancer, you discovered a hypothetical gene called ABCG2 that is overexpressed in human cancer cells. You want to know if this gene is required for cancer cells to survive, but from your efforts at making a traditional gene knock out, you have found that it is required for embryonic development and can't get to the point of doing a cancer experiment. a. How can you redesign the knockout to get past embryonic lethality? b. How would you then use this mouse line to test if ABCG2 is needed for cancer survival?

From gene expression studies on cancer, you discovered a hypothetical gene called ABCG2 that is overexpressed in human cancer cells. You want to know if this gene is required for cancer cells to survive, but from your efforts at making a traditional gene knock out, you have found that it is required for embryonic development and can't get to the point of doing a cancer experiment. a. How can you redesign the knockout to get past embryonic lethality? b. How would you then use this mouse line to test if ABCG2 is needed for cancer survival?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter12: Genes And Cancer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13QP: The search for the BRCA1 breast cancer gene discussed in this chapter was widely publicized in the...

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On the image, you can see the results of a DNA microarray used for cancer prognosis, where tissue samples from healthy and cancerous tissues were analyzed. cDNA from healthy cells and cancer cells were labeled with green and red fluorescence, respectively, mixed equally, and hybridized with the chip. It is known that gene A is more highly expressed in breast cancer type I, while genes B and C have lower expression in type II, which is highly aggressive. Based on the gene expression levels shown in the image, the cancer sample does not correspond to either type I or type II breast cancer, why is that?
. In selecting target cells to receive a transferred gene in gene therapy in an adult person, what factors do you think would have to be taken into account for a successful treatment?
The search for the BRCA1 breast cancer gene discussed in this chapter was widely publicized in the media (for example, Newsweek, December 6, 1993). Describe the steps taken by Mary-Claire King and her colleagues to clone this gene. How long did this process take?
Scientists carried out a microarray analysis to compare the gene expression of normal pancreatic cells to that of cancer cells from a person with pancreatic cancer. The scientists labeled the cDNA from the normal pancreatic cells with green fluorescent nucleotides. They labeled the cDNA from the cancer cells with red fluorescent nucleotides. The two cDNAs were mixed and allowed to hybridize to a microarray. Less p53 activity is found in cancer pancreatic cells than normal cells. What color would the spot for the p53 gene be on the microarray? Red Green Yellow Black
When disrupting a mouse gene by knockout, why is it desirable to breed mice until offspring homozygous (-/-) for the knockout target gene are obtained?
Mutations in the CFTR gene result in cystic fibrosis in humans, a conditions in which abnormal secretions are present in the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands. The gene was mapped to a 500-kb region on chromosome 7 containing 3 candidate genes. a)Using your knowledge of the disease symptoms, how would you distinguish between the candidate genes to decide which is most likely to encode the CFTR gene? b)How would you prove that your chosen candidate is the CFTR gene?
You are interested in studying a novel gene that appears to be involved in cancer. There is no information about the function of this gene. What would you do to obtain the cDNA for this gene? How would you express this gene and what expression systems might you utilize to study its function and why? How would determine the subcellular localization of this gene in eukaryotic cells? What are alternative methods in case one doesn't work? How would you purify and determine the 3-dimensional structure of this protein?
In contrast with the genomic manipulations of animals and plants described in this chapter, human genetherapy is directed specifically at altering the genomes of somatic cells rather than germ-line cells.Why couldn’t or wouldn’t medical scientists try to alter the genome of human germ-line cells?
In order to manufacture insulin for patients with diabetes, scientists create recombinant DNA by inserting a human insulin gene into bacterial DNA and have the bacteria produce human insulin. Based on what you have learned in this unit about gene expression, what must the scientists do to the DNA sequence of the human insulin gene BEFORE inserting it into the bacteria, in order to have them produce the same insulin sequence that humans would produce? Explain.
DNA sequencing has provided data to indicate that cancer cells may contain tens of thousands of somatic mutations, only some of which confer a growth advantage to a cancer cell. How do scientists describe and categorize these recently discovered populations of mutations in cancer cells?
Some vectors used in cloning experiments contain bacterial promotersthat are adjacent to unique cloning sites. This makes it possible to insert a gene sequence next to the bacterial promoter and express the gene in bacterial cells. These vectors are called expression vectors. If you wanted to express a eukaryotic protein in bacterial cells, would you clone genomic DNA or cDNA into the expression vector? Explain your choice.
Scientists carried out a microarray analysis to compare the gene expression of normal liver cells to that of cancer cells from a person with liver cancer. The scientists labeled the cDNA from the normal pancreatic cells with green fluorescent nucleotides. They labeled the cDNA from the cancer cells with red fluorescent nucleotides. The two cDNAs were mixed and allowed to hybridize to a microarray. Normal liver cells =Green Cancer cells =Red The DNA in that spot is the same in cancer cells and normal cells =Yellow Question: Gene alpha is turned on in all liver cells. In the cancer sample there is a nonsense mutation in this gene such that the protein terminates translation early but transcription is unaffected. What color is the alpha gene spot on the microarray? Answer: Yellow please explain why is the answer yellow?