In the regulation of glycogen phosphorylase, which of the following statements is true? The inactive T form becomes activated when it gets dephosphorylated. The active R form is inhibited by glucose. Phosphoprotein phosphatase catalyzes the attachment of a phosphate group to a Ser residue in glycogen phosphorylase. The allosteric modulator glucose-6-phosphate promotes the conformation change from inactive T state to active R state.
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- Which of the following is likely to be correct if all mutases are completely inhibited?a. Removal of glucosyl residues from nonreducing ends of glycogen in the liver is compromised;therefore, release of free glucose into blood from the liver would decreaseb. Glycerol can be efficiently converted into glucose but cannot be efficiently converted into glucosylresidues in glycogen in the liverc. Bothaandbd. Neither a nor bWhich of the following is NOT involved in the activation of glucose for glycogen synthesis? A. Phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase to glucose-6-phosphate. B. Isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate by phosphohexose isomerase. C. Two-step phosphoryl group transfer by phosphoglucomutase. D. Attachment of glucose-1-phosphate to UDP.In muscle tissue, the rate of conversion of glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate is determined by the ratio of phosphorylase a (active) to phosphorylase b (less active). Determine what happens to the rate of glycogen breakdown if a muscle preparation containing glycogen phosphorylase is treated with: (a) phosphorylase kinase and ATP; (b) PP1; (c) epinephrine
- Glycogen synthase may be regulated by covalent modification and/or allosteric control. Label the diagram with the appropriate terms to describe glycogen synthase regulation. Use the following options: Glucose-6-Phospate; Insulin; Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate; Phosphorylation, DephosphorylationThe binding of insulin to its receptor on the surface of atarget cell activates the receptor’s tyrosine kinase activity,which in turn causes several phosphorylation cascades thatalter the activity of numerous enzymes and alters the expression of genes. Describe how one of these phosphorylationcascades stimulates glycogen synthesis.The synthesis and degradation of glycogen in muscle is not a futile (ATP-hydrolyzing)cycle because:A. glycogen synthase and phosphorylase are simultaneously activatedB. cyclic AMP activates adenylate kinase. C. when glycogen synthase is inactivated, phosphorylase is simultaneously activated. D. glycogen binds Mg2+, thereby lowering the concentration of MgATP2-
- What is the consequence of complete inhibition of all mutases in liver cells?a. Liver cannot provide free glucose to maintain blood glucose levelsb. Free glucose cannot be released from glycogenc. Glycerol cannot be converted to glucosed. The only fate of glucose-6-phosphate is to be converted to fructose-6-phosphateiodoacetate is an irreversible inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. which of the following is the expected outcome of the exposure of a cell to iodoacetate - Cellular resiration will stop if the cell solely depends on glucose as fuel - The rate of cellular respiration will increase - The reoxidation of coenzymes will noy be affected , but the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation will be diminished - There will be no effect on cellular respiration as long as the cell has a large glucose reserve -The cell sill not be able to reoxidize the reduced coenzymesAn allosteric regulator of glycogen synthase is: UDP-glucose. cAMP. glucose 1-phosphate. ATP. glucose 6-phosphate.
- Anaerobic glycolysis of glucose potentially produces a fewer number of ATPs per glucose moleculein red blood cells than in muscle cells, because -Red blood cells contain bisphosphoglycerate mutase -Red blood cells lack phosphoglycerate kinase -Red blood cells do not have mitochondria -Red blood cells do not have a nucleus Which of the following is likely to be correct if all mutases are completely inhibited? -Removal of glucosyl residues from nonreducing ends of glycogen in the liver is compromised;therefore, release of free glucose into blood from the liver would decrease -Glycerol can be efficiently converted into glucose but cannot be efficiently converted into glucosylresidues in glycogen in the liver -Both A and B -Neither A nor BWhich enzyme activity of the glycogen debranching enzyme is operating during the release of glucose units linked to glycogen branchpoints via o1,6 glycosidic linkage? a. transferase activity b. phosphorylase activity c. phosphatase activity d. glucosidase activityHow does the phosphorylation of glucose within cells contribute to homeostasis?" Describe the location, enzyme kinetics and regulation of both hexokinase and glucokinase in this problem. Include the whole point of glucose phosphorylation.