What is complementary base pairing? Be able to figure out the nucleotide sequence of the 2nd strand of DNA if you’re given the first (as happens when DNA replicates); or the RNA sequence that would pair with a DNA sequence (as happens during transcription).
Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
- What is complementary base pairing? Be able to figure out the
nucleotide sequence of the 2nd strand of DNA if you’re given the first (as happens whenDNA replicates ); or the RNA sequence that would pair with a DNA sequence (as happens during transcription). - What is
Biotechnology ? Recombinant DNA? What is a restriction enzyme and how is it used to make recombinant DNA? What is a transgenic animal? Transgenic crops? - What is
Forensics ? Why are the following things important in forensic (or medical genetic) testing: PCR? STRs? What is CODIS? - What is a multifactorial trait? A polygenic trait? Some examples of each? How do they differ from Mendelian traits?
- What is cancer? How do cancer cells differ from normal cells? Why is control of the cell cycle crucial?
- Genetic influences in developing cancer: what is an oncogene? a tumor suppressor? Difference between a benign and a malignant tumore? Metastasis?
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