Bartleby Sitemap - Textbook Solutions
All Textbook Solutions for Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
74PS75GQ76GQ77GQ78GQ79GQ80GQ81GQWrite equations for the following reactions, representing the reactants and products using structural formulas. (a) The formation of ethyl acetate from acetic acid and ethanol (b) The hydrolysis of glyceryl tristearate (the triester of glycerol with stearic acid, a fatty acid; Table 23.9)83GQ84GQDraw the structure of each of the following compounds: (a) 2, 2-dimethylpentane (b) 3, 3-diethylpentane (c) 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane (d) 3-ethylhexane86GQ87GQDraw structural formulas for possible isomers with the formula C3H6ClBr, and name each isomer.89GQ90GQ91GQ92GQ93GQ94GQDraw the structure of glyceryl trilaurate, a fat. Laurie acid (page 941) has the formula C11H23CO2H. (a) Write an equation for the base hydrolysis of glyceryl trilaurate. (b) Write an equation for the reaction that could be used to prepare biodiesel fuel from this fat.96GQ97GQ98GQ99GQThere are three ethers with the formula C4H10O. Draw their structures.Review the opening photograph about chocolate (which shows the structure of an active ingredient, theobromine) and then answer the following questions. (a) How do theobromine and caffeine differ structurally? (b) A 5.00-g sample of Hersheys cocoa contains 2.16% theobromine. What is the mass of the compound in the sample?102GQ103IL104IL105IL106IL107IL108IL109IL110IL111IL112IL113IL114IL115SCQ116SCQ117SCQ118SCQ119SCQ120SCQ121SCQDraw the Lewis structure for the tripeptide glycine-phenylalanine-valine.What is the sequence of the strand of DNA complementary to CGATACGTAC?24.3CYUKynamro has the hydrogen bonding sequence: GCCUCAGTCTGCTTCGCACC. What is the sequence of nucleotides in the targeted mRNA?The formula of Kynamro is C230H305N67O122P19S19Na19. How many nucleotides are present in one molecule of Kynamro?1.3ACP2.1ACP2.2ACP2.3ACP(a) Draw the Lewis structure for the amino acid valine, showing the amino group and the carboxylic acid group in their un-ionized forms. (b) Draw the Lewis structure for the zwitterionic form of valine. (c) Which of these structures will be the predominant form at physiological pH?(a) Draw the Lewis structure for the amino acid phenylalanine, showing the amino group and the carboxylic group in their un-ionized forms. (b) Draw the Lewis structure for the zwitterionic form of phenylalanine. (c) Which of these structures will be the predominant form at physiological pH?3PS4PSDraw Lewis structures for the two dipeptides that contain both alanine and glycine.Do the amino acid sequences: valine-asparagine and asparagine-valine represent the same compound? Explain.Draw the Lewis structure for the tripeptide serine-leucine-valine.8PS9PS10PS11PS12PS(a) Draw the structural formula for the sugar -D-ribose. (b) Draw the structural formula for the nucleoside adenosine (it consists of -D-ribose and adenine). (c) Draw the structural formula for the nucleotide adenosine 5'-monophosphate.(a) Draw the structural formula for the sugar -D-2 -deoxyribose. (b) Draw the structural formula for the nucleoside deoxyadenosine (it consists of -D-2-deoxyribose and adenine). (c) Draw the structural formula for the nucleotide deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate.15PS16PSGiven the following nucleotide sequence in DNA: 5'ACGCGATTC3': (a) Determine the sequence of the complementary strand of DNA. Report this sequence by writing it from its 5' end to its 3' end. (b) Write the sequence (5'-3r) for the strand of mRNA that would be complementary to the original strand of DNA. (c) Assuming that this sequence is part of the coding sequence for a protein and that it is properly lined up so that the first codon of this sequence begins with the 5' nucleotide of the mRNA, write the sequences for the three anti- codons that would be complementary to this strand of mRNA. (d) What sequence of amino acids is selected by this mRNA? (The complete genetic code is listed in several sites on the Internet.)Given the following nucleotide sequence in DNA: 5' TCGTAGGAT 3': (a) Determine the sequence of the complementary strand of DNA. Report this sequence by writing it from its 5' end to its 3' end. (b) Write the sequence (5'-3') for the strand of mRNA that would be complementary to the original strand of DNA. (c) Assuming that this sequence is part of the coding sequence for a protein and that it is properly lined up so that the first codon of this sequence begins with the 5' nucleotide of the mRNA, write the sequences for the three anti- codons that would be complementary to this strand of mRNA. (d) What sequence of amino acids is selected by this mRNA? (The complete genetic code is listed in several sites on the Internet.)19PSIf a drop of oleic acid is added to a dish of water, the oleic acid will spread out and form a layer that is one molecule thick on top of the water. (a) Draw the Lewis structure for oleic acid. (b) Label the region of the oleic acid molecule that is polar and the region that is nonpolar. (c) In the layer of oleic acid that forms, which part of the oleic acid molecule points down into the water and which part points out of the water?What structure do all steroids have in common?22PS23PSThe chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose into ethanol is C6H12O6(s) 2 C2HsOH()+ 2 CO2(g) Using fH values at 25 C, calculate rH for this reaction. (See Question 23 for fH for glucose.)25PS26PS27GQ28GQ29GQ30GQ31GQThere are 41 = 4 mononucleotides of DNA, there are 42 = 16 possible dinucleotides, and so on. If a segment of DNA were completely random, how many nucleotides long would it need to be in order to have one possible sequence for each person on Earth (currently about 7.5 billion people)?33GQThe first step of the metabolic process known as glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate. This process has a positive value for rG' Glucose + Pi Glucose-6-phosphate + H2O rG' = +13.8 kJ/mol-rxn This reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O ADP + Pi rG' = -30.5 kJ/mol-rxn What is the sum of these two equations and the value of rG' for the coupled reaction? Is the coupled reaction product-favored at equilibrium?35ILInsulin is a protein important in the metabolism of sugar. Its molar mass can be determined by means of an osmotic pressure experiment. A 50.0-mg sample of insulin was dissolved in enough water to make 100. mL of solution. This solution was determined to have an osmotic pressure of 21.8 mm H2O. What is the molar mass of insulin? (Hint: The density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL.)37SCQ38SCQDo the DNA sequences ATGC and CGTA represent the same compound? Explain.41SCQWhich of the following statements is/are true? (a) Breaking the PO bond in ATP is an exothermic process. (b) Making a new bond between the phosphorus atom in the phosphate group being cleaved off ATP and the Oil group of water is an exothermic process (c) Breaking bonds is an endothermic process. (d) The energy released in the hydrolysis of ATP may be used to run endothermic reactions in a cell.25.1CYU25.2CYU25.3CYU25.4CYU25.5CYU25.6CYU25.7CYU25.8CYU25.9CYU1.1ACP1.2ACP1.3ACPCalculate the molar mass (atomic weight) of naturally occurring uranium from the masses of the two major isotopes of uranium (235U = 235.0409; 238U = 238.0508) and their natural abundances.2.1ACP2.2ACP2.3ACP2.4ACP2.5ACP2.6ACP3.1ACP3.2ACP3.3ACP3.4ACP1PS2PS4PS5PS6PS7PS8PS9PS10PS11PS12PS13PS14PS15PS16PS17PS18PS19PS20PS21PS22PS23PS24PS25PS26PS27PS28PS29PS30PS31PS32PS33PS34PS35PS36PS37PS38PS39PS40PS41PS42PS43PS44PS45PS46PS47PS48PS49PS50PS51PS52PS53PS54PS55PSSome of the reactions explored by Ernest Rutherford (pages 67 and 1166) and others are listed below. Identify the unknown species in each reaction. (a) N714+H24eO817+? (b) B49e+H24e?+n01 (c) ?+H24eP1530+n01 (d) P94239u+H24e?+n0157GQ58GQ59GQ60GQ61GQ62GQ63GQ64GQ65IL66IL67IL68IL69IL70IL71SCQ72SCQ73SCQ74SCQ76SCQ77SCQ78SCQ79SCQ