For a boiling process such as shown in Figure 1.5 c, theambient temperature
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Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
- A cylindrical liquid oxygen (LOX) tank has a diameter of 1.22 m, a length of 6.1 m, and hemispherical ends. The boiling point of LOX is -179.4C. An insulation is sought that will reduce the boil-off rate in the steady state to no more than 11.3 kg/h. The heat of vaporization of LOX is 214 kJ/kg. If the thickness of this insulation is to be no more than 7.5 cm, what would the value of its thermal conductivity have to be?arrow_forwardA 0.6-cm diameter mild steel rod at 38C is suddenly immersed in a liquid at 93C with hc=110W/m2K. Determine the time required for the rod to warm to 88C.arrow_forward2.2 A small dam, which is idealized by a large slab 1.2 m thick, is to be completely poured in a short Period of time. The hydration of the concrete results in the equivalent of a distributed source of constant strength of 100 W/m3. If both dam surfaces are at 16°C, determine the maximum temperature to which the concrete will be subjected, assuming steady-state conditions. The thermal conductivity of the wet concrete can be taken as 0.84 W/m K.arrow_forward
- 350 pipes are fixed as square in a pipe bundle used for condenser. PipeThe outer diameters are 8 mm and the steam at 0.2 bar is desired to be condensed on the pipes. pipe outer The surface temperature is kept constant at 30 °C. If the length of the pipes is 1.5 m, the heat transferred in the systemCalculate the amount of energy and the amount of condensed steamarrow_forwardHow long should it take to boil an egg? Model the egg as a sphere with radius of 2.3 cm that has properties similar to water with a density of = 1000 kg/m3 and thermal conductivity of k = 0.606 Watts/(mC) and specific heat of c = 4182 J/(kg C). Suppose that an egg is fully cooked when the temperature at the center reaches 70 C. Initially the egg is taken out of the fridge at 4 C and placed in the boiling water at 100 C. Since the egg shell is very thin assume that it quickly reaches a temperature of 100 C. The protein in the egg effectively immobilizes the water so the heat conduction is purely conduction (no convection). Plot the temperature of the egg over time and use the data tooltip in MATLAB to make your conclusion on the time it takes to cook the egg in minutes.arrow_forwardA coal with a higher heating value of 6,700 Kcal/kg is consumed at a rate of 600 kg/hr. in a water tube steam generator with a rated boiler horsepower of 200 HP. The feedwater temperature is 82°C and steam generated is at 11 kg/cm2 absolute, saturated. The developed boiler horsepower is equivalent to 305 HP. Determine: a. Heating surface area in m²b. Steam evaporated in kg/hrc. ASME evaporating units in J/hrd. Percent ratinge. Factor of evaporationf. Over-all thermal efficiencyg. actual specific evaporationh. Equivalent specific evaporationarrow_forward
- (a) The heating power generated by the nuclear heating rod and the inner temperature of the metallic cylinder, T2. (b) The temperature liquid X, which is located between the nuclear heating rod and the meatllic cylinder, Tliquid. (c) The temperature at the surface of the heating rod, T1. (d) If the salt solution temperature is 300 degree Celcius, what is the value of convection heat transfer coefficient, h of the salt solution ? (e) If the heating rod is not covered by metallic cylinder and corresponds to the result of part (c) and (d), how much the rate of energy transfer to the salt solution ? (f) Compare and discuss the difference of heat transfer with and without the matallic cylinder.arrow_forwardHi, can you help me with the following problem? A thermally insulated tank of water 2 m x 2 m, depth 1 m is stirred with a paddle for threehours. If the paddle is driven by a motor whose shaft power is 8 kW determine the rate ofchange of temperature in degrees C per hr and the increase in temperature of the water.The specific heat of water is 4200 J/kgC. Identify a system and start your analysis from anappropriate form of the Fist Law of Thermodynamicsarrow_forwardA device expends 145.6 kJ of energy while pressurizing 3.097 kg of water initially at 14.81 degrees Celsius. The efficiency of the heating device is 57.78%. Inefficiencies are represented by a heat loss from the device casing. Determine the final temperature in °C.arrow_forward
- Plot the temperature distribution along the fin using the following data: k = 168 W/m.K, h = 12 W/m2.K, a = 0.05 m, b = 0.01 m. Vary x from 0 to 0.1 m in increments of 0.01 m.arrow_forwardIn a certain industrial process, it is known that the temperature of one of its stages varies between 10°C and 50°C. The measuring instrument used to measure this temperature has its measurement range from -50°C to 50°C, with a dead zone of 1%. In view of the above, it is stated that the measuring instrument (A) will not show temperature variations lower than or equal to 0.5 °C. (B) will not show temperature variations lower than or equal to 1 °C. (C) is not suitable for the measurement for which it is used, since it may present distortions in the measurement of the temperature if it is between 49 C and 50 C. (D) measures, although not reliably accurate,temperatures ranging up to 0.5° C beyond its range of nominal measure. (E) measures, although unreliable in accuracy, tem- temperatures ranging up to 1° C beyond their rating range nominal measure.arrow_forwardA saucepan 30 cm in diameter is placed on the stove. The pot is made of stainless plate (k = 15 W / [m ° C]), and contains boiling water at 98 ° C. The bottom of the pot is 0.8 cm thick. The surface temperature in the bottom of the pan in contact with water is 105 ° C. a. If the heat transfer rate through the bottom of the pan is 500 W, determine the temperature of the outside surface of the pan that is exposed to the heating stove. = ° C. b. Find the convective heat transfer coefficient of boiling water = W / m2 ° Carrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning