Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393663556
Author: Joel Karty
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1.54P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Resonance hybrid of
Concept introduction:
For a species, each valid Lewis structure is called a ‘resonance structure’ or a ‘resonance contributor’. A resonance hybrid is a weighted average of all resonance contributors. A partial bond is represented in a resonance hybrid by a dashed line connecting the two atoms. In the resonance hybrid, partial bonds are shown which represent the atoms over which the electrons are being delocalized.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
The hydrocarbon cyclobutane, C4H8, is represented above. At high temperatures, cyclobutane quickly decomposes into ethene, C2H4. (see attached image)
(a) Draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram of the ethene molecule in the following box, and estimate the value of the H−C−H bond angle in ethene.
The molecule H2O2 (H-O-O-H) has:
A. 4 bonding pairs and 3 lone pair.
B. 3 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs.
C. 3 bonding pairs and 3 lone pairs.
D. 3 bonding pairs and 4 lone pair.
E. some number of lone and bond pairs not described in 1-4.
Draw PF3 and PH3. Are they polar and do their polarities differ?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.2PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.3PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.4PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.5PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.6PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.7PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.8PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.9PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.10P
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.11PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.12PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.13PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.14PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.15PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.16PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.17PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.18PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.19PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.20PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.21PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.22PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.23PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.24PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.25PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.26PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.27PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.28PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.29PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.30PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.31PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.32PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.33PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.34PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.35PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.36PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.37PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.38PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.39PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.40PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.41PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.42PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.43PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.44PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.45PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.46PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.47PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.48PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.49PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.50PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.51PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.52PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.53PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.54PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.55PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.56PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.57PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.58PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.59PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.60PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.61PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.62PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.63PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.64PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.65PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.66PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.67PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.68PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.69PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.70PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.71PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.72PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.73PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.74PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.75PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.76PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.77PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.78PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.79PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.80PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.81PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.82PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.1YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.2YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.3YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.4YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.5YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.6YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.7YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.8YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.9YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.10YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.11YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.12YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.13YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.14YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.15YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.16YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.17YT
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 3-109 Until several years ago, the two chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) most widely used as heat transfer media in refrigeration systems were Freon-li (trichloro fluoromethane, CC13F) and Freon-12 (dichiorodi fluoromethane, CCl2F2). Draw a three-dimensional representation of each molecule and indicate the Direction of it.s polarity.arrow_forward3-106 Consider the structure of Penicillin G shown below, an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by gram-positive organisms, derived from Penicillium fungi: (a) Identify the various types of geometries present in each central atom using VSEPR theory. (b) Determine the various relative bond angles associated with each central atom using VSEPR theory (c) Which is the most poiar bond in Penicillin G? (d) Would you predict Penicillin G to be polar or nonpolar?arrow_forwardDraw out the organic shorthand for the molecules below, and then draw another possible resonance structure of the same molecule next to with arrows to show electron movement. -CH3CH2CONH3 -CH3CH2COOHarrow_forward
- Carbon monoxide (CO) has a very small dipole moment (0.122) despite having a polar C-O bond. Using resonance structures, please explain this conclusion.arrow_forwardHow do you know when to draw a solid wedge vs a dashed wedge when drawing 3D bond-line structures? I know that solid-wedge means the atom is pointing towards you and dashed wedge means it's in the back, but how do you know which atoms are in the front as opposed to the back? How can you tell what the configuration will look like in space just by looking at the lewis structure or name?arrow_forward3-107 Ephedrine, a molecule at one time found in the dietary supplement ephedra, has been linked to adverse health reactions, such as heart attacks, strokes, and heart palpitations. The use of ephedra in dietary supplements is now banned by the FDA. (a) Which is the most polar bond in ephedra? (b) Would you predict ephedra to be polar or nonpolar?arrow_forward
- A student draws the picture of ammonia (NH3) in the box below, left, and predicts it will be a flatmolecule with HNH bond angles of exactly 120°. Unfortunately, the student left something out. a. What did the student omit from his drawing? b. What is the actual HNH bond angle of ammonia (based on the draw g above, right)? c. Explain why water, ammonia, and methane (shown below) all have about the same bondangles (close to 109.5°) even though they have different numbers of bonds.arrow_forwardThe following model is a representation of aspartame, C14H18N2O5, known commercially under many names, including NutraSweet. Only the connections between atoms are shown; multiple bonds are not indicated. Complete the structure for aspartame, and indicate the positions of multiple bonds (gray = C, red = O, blue = N, ivory = H).arrow_forward3-105 Consider the structure of Vitamin E shown below, which is found most abundantly in wheat germ oil, sunflower, and safflower oils: (a) Identify the various types of geometries present in each central atom using VSEPR theory. (b) Determine the various relative bond angles as sociated with each central atom using VSEPR theory. (c) Which is the most polar bond in Vitamin E? (d) Would you predict Vitamin E to be polar or nonpolar?arrow_forward
- 3-127 Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. Consider the skeletal structure of amoxicillin (y refer to the structure at bottom of page). Where all the bonded atoms are shown but double bonds, triple bonds, and/or lone pairs are missing: (a) Complete the structure of amoxicillin. (b) Identify the various types of geometries present in each central atom using VSEPR theory (e) Determine the various relative bond angles as sociated with each central atom using VSEPR theory. (d) What is the most polar bond in Amoxicillin? (e) Would you predict amoxicillin to be polar or nonpolar? (f) Is amoxicillin expected to possess resonance? Explain why or why not. V Chemical structure for problem 3-127arrow_forward10-8 Organic Compounds synthesized in the laboratory have the same chemical and physical properties as those synthesized in the laboratory. Chemist have synthesized many organic compounds that are not found in nature. 10-10 Suppose that you are told that organic substances are produced only by living organism. How could you rebut this assertion? 3-86 Both CO2 and SO2 have polar bonds. Account for the fact that CO2 is nonpolar and SO2 is polar?arrow_forwardThe curved arrow notation introduced in Section 1.6B is a powerful method used by organic chemists to show the movement of electrons not only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions.Because each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons, following the curved arrows illustrates what bonds are broken and formed in a reaction. Consider the following three-step process. (a) Add curved arrows in Step [1] to show the movement of electrons. (b) Use the curved arrows drawn in Step [2] to identify the structure of X. X is converted in Step [3] to phenol and HCl.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580350
Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780618974122
Author:Andrei Straumanis
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Types of bonds; Author: Edspira;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jj0V01Arebk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY