Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 8TY
In science, a theory should
- be equated with knowledge.
- be supported by a substantial body of evidence.
- provide the ability to make many correct predictions.
- do all of the above.
- b and c only.
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Which statement below correctly identifies the difference between laws and theories?
Laws describe phenomena, while theories explain why phenomena exist.
Laws are a statement of fact, while theories are a statement of opinion.
Laws explain why phenomena exist, while theories explain how.
Laws are a prediction of phenomena, while theories are an explanation
With illustrative examples, explain the following statements about the
nature of science:
a.Science accepts change in truth
b.Science is concerned with the production of reliable information
The hypothetico-deductive method in science includes all of the following components except:
logical deduction (from a universal rule to particular predictions), as emphasized by Aristotle
designing a critical test for the hypothesis, as exemplified by Galileo’s test of falling objects
unquestioning acceptance of Aristotle’s authority, as practiced by late medieval scholastics
continuous testing of the hypothesis by further inquiry, as emphasized by Socrates
logical induction (from particulars to universals), as emphasized by Plato
Chapter 1 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 1.1 - Look ahead to Figure 4.15. Which of these...Ch. 1.1 - The wing of a bird, the wing of an insect, and the...Ch. 1.1 - At which level of biological organization would...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 1.2 - Among mammals, give two examples of how the tail...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 1.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 1.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 1.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 1.2 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 1.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 1.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 1.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 1.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 1 - A bird maintains a relatively stable internal body...Ch. 1 - Populations of organisms change over the course of...Ch. 1 - A bio1otst is studying the Living organisms in a...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is an example of horizontal...Ch. 1 - The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens....Ch. 1 - The underlying factor that explains the unity and...Ch. 1 - By observing certain desert plants in their native...Ch. 1 - In science, a theory should be equated with...Ch. 1 - Conducting research without a preconceived...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10TYCh. 1 - Of the first eight characteristics of life...Ch. 1 - Explain how it is possible for evolution to result...Ch. 1 - In your own words, describe the 12 principles of...Ch. 1 - Discuss whether or not you think that theories in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- The type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion is called_______. a. deductive reasoning b. the scientific method c. hypothesis-based science d. inductive reasoningarrow_forwardA scientific approach to explaining some aspect of the natural world includes all of the following except _________. a. a hypothesis b. testing c. faith-based views d. systematic observationsarrow_forwardFigure 1.6 In the example below, the scientific method is used to solve an everyday problem. Order the scientific method steps (numbered items) with the process of solving the everyday problem (lettered items). Based on the results of the experiment, is the hypothesis correct? If it is incorrect, propose some alternative hypotheses. Observation Question Hypothesis (answer) Prediction Experiment Result There is something wrong with the electrical outlet. If something is wrong with the outlet, my coffeemaker also won’t work when plugged into it. My toaster doesn’t toast my bread. I plug my coffee maker into the outlet. My coffeemaker works. Why doesn't my toaster work?arrow_forward
- How does the scientific meaning of “theory” differ from the common, everyday meaning of the word?arrow_forwardDefine and distinguish between: a. a hypothesis and a scientific theory b. an experimental group and a control grouparrow_forwardA related set of hypotheses that collectively explain some aspect of the natural world makes up a scientific _________. a. prediction b. test c. theory d. authority e. observationarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements best distinguisheshypotheses from theories in science?(A) Theories are hypotheses that have been proved.(B) Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers.(C) Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theorieshave broad explanatory power.(D) Theories are proved true; hypotheses are often contradictedby experimental results.arrow_forwardHow could you make a prediction in Science?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about science and religion is false? a) Both are different “ways of knowing” about the world. b) Scientific theories must be at least theoretically falsifiable, while religious beliefs (usually) are not. c) Religious beliefs are based on faith, scientific theories must be rigorously tested. d) Religion and science are totally incompatible and cannot exist side by side.arrow_forward
- What did Thomas Kuhn propose? What observations were responsible for his proposal for how scienceworks? Where did he get his ideas? -philosophy of sciencearrow_forwardExplain and distinguish between a hypothesis and a scientific theory as well as distinguish between an "everyday theory" and a scientific theory.arrow_forwardScience is not just the body of knowledge obtained by observation, it can also be defined as "a rational investigation of the natural world." What does this mean? What are the limitations of science?arrow_forward
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