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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
An equation for the response of a
Concept Introduction:
Buffer:
A buffer is an aqueous solution containing substances that prevent major changes in the value of the pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it.
In other words, a buffer system is composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base.
Buffers contain two active chemical species:
- a substance to react with and remove added base.
- a substance to react with and remove added acid.
Buffer action:
Buffering actions are the reactions that take place in the buffer system with the addition of a small amount of acid or base.
(b)
Interpretation:
An equation for the response of a
Concept Introduction:
Buffer:
A buffer is an aqueous solution containing substances that prevent major changes in the value of the pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it.
In other words, a buffer system is composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base.
Buffers contain two active chemical species:
- a substance to react with and remove added base.
- a substance to react with and remove added acid.
Buffer action:
Buffering actions are the reactions that take place in the buffer system with the addition of a small amount of acid or base.
(c)
Interpretation:
An equation for the response of a
Concept Introduction:
Buffer:
A buffer is an aqueous solution containing substances that prevent major changes in the value of the pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it.
In other words, a buffer system is composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base.
Buffers contain two active chemical species:
- a substance to react with and remove added base.
- a substance to react with and remove added acid.
Buffer action:
Buffering actions are the reactions that take place in the buffer system with the addition of a small amount of acid or base.
(d)
Interpretation:
An equation for the response of a
Concept Introduction:
Buffer:
A buffer is an aqueous solution containing substances that prevent major changes in the value of the pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it.
In other words, a buffer system is composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base.
Buffers contain two active chemical species:
- a substance to react with and remove added base.
- a substance to react with and remove added acid.
Buffer action:
Buffering actions are the reactions that take place in the buffer system with the addition of a small amount of acid or base.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- a. calculate the volume of 0.1 M H2PO4– required to prepare 100 mL of your assigned buffer. b. calculate the volume of 0.1 M HPO42– required to prepare 100 mL of your assigned buffer. 1. Assigned pH Value ___6.90_________ 2. pKa Value of Assigned Buffer ___7.20_________ 3. Ratio 0.5011arrow_forwardIn your own words, explain the Mechanism of Buffer Action.arrow_forwardWith the principles of GFC, which of the following statements is incorrect?a. For small molecules, their elution volume, Ve > VOb. For a very large molecule, its elution volume, Ve = Voc. Blue dextran is used to determine the void volume because it is too large and cannot get into the beads and therefore excluded from the gel.d. Low molecular weight molecules are freely accessible to the gel particles, and elute at a volume equal to the internal pore volume.In an SDS-PAGE experiment, protein X has an Rf = 0.75, while protein Y has an Rf = 0.30. Which of the following statements are FALSE during the electrophoretic run?I. X has a greater charge-to-mass ratio than Y, since X has a smaller MW.II. X has a lower MW, and thus experiences less friction with the gel matrix.III. X has more hydrophobic groups, thus is in a more linearized state.IV. X is globular, while protein Y is rod-like, thus X has higher mobility.V. X is affected by less magnitude of electric field because of smaller…arrow_forward
- Consider a buffer solution of acetate. The volume is 500 ml, the concentration is 200 mM, and the pH is 5.0. a. How many total moles of acetate plus acetic acid are present in the solution? Express answer as x.y with one digit before and one after the decimal place. b. What is the ratio of acetate ions (Ac-) to acetic acid ions (HAc) in the buffer solution (pH 5.0) if the pka is 4.76? Express the answer as x.yz with one digit before and two after the decimal place. c. How many moles of acetate are present in the solution? Express your answer to one decimal place. d. How many moles of acetic acid are present in the solution? Express your answer to one decimal place.arrow_forwardConsider the equilibrium shown below; indicating the buffering system in the blood circulation. CO, + H,0 [H,CO3] HCO3¯+H* When a patient is choking, would this lead to an alkalosis or an acidosis situation? Explain.arrow_forwardThe glass electrode used in commercial pH meters gives an electrical response proportional to the concentration of hydrogen ion. To convert these responses to a pH reading, the electrode must be calibrated against standard solutions of known H+ concentration. Determine the weight in grams of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4 · H2O; FW 138) and disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4 ; FW 142) needed to prepare 1 L of a standard buffer at pH 7.00 with a total phosphate concentration of 0.100 M . See Problem 24 for the pKa values of phosphoric acid.arrow_forward
- Write a net ionic equation that shows how this buffer neutralizes added acid (HCl).arrow_forwardWhich of the following is incorrect regarding the bicarbonate buffer system: A B C D an increase in proton will lower blood pH carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid from proton and bicarbonate ion the purpose of the buffer system is to resist changes in blood pH alkalosis is defined as a pH of > 7.45arrow_forwardYou have been provided with stock solutions of: stock A: 0.06 M sodium pyrophosphate buffer pH 8.5 stock B: 3 M ethanol stock C: 0.015 M NAD+ stock D: milli Q water Determine the volume you will need of each solution to prepare a buffer of with a final volume of 60 mL containing 10 mM sodium pyrophosphate pH 8.5, 100 mM ethanol, 1 mM NAD+. i.e. volume of stock A = _________mL volume of stock B = _________mL volume of stock C = _________mL volume of stock D = _________mL Show your calculations to arrive at your answers.arrow_forward
- Individuals with cystic fibrosis produce thick mucus in the lungs, resulting in a higher-than-normal level of CO2 in the blood. What is the problem that results from higher-than-normal levels of COz in the blood? Please relate this to buffers in the blood and construct a clear problem statement.arrow_forwardA patient needs to receive 1 L of 0.9% NaCl solution over 8 hours. You have an infusion pump that delivers fluids in mL/hour. a. How many mL of the solution will the patient receive per hour? b. If the IV tubing being used delivers 20 drops/mL, how many drops per minute should the IV be set to deliver?arrow_forwardAt what pH does a lysine solution exhibit the highest buffering capacity? (Lysine pKas: pk1 = 2.2, pK2 = 8.95, pK3 = 10.5) %3D O рH 12.1 О рH 9.72 O pH 5.67 pH 8.95arrow_forward