An absolute measure of power is the dBm scale, in which power is specified in decibels relative to one milliwatt. Specifically,
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Engineering Electromagnetics
- Given the following message, m(t), carrier, c(t), and Kvco=4500(Hz/v), determine the FM modulated signal equation and FM index. m(t)=2cos(2π3500t), c(t)=4cos(2π5MHzt). With explain a. s(t)=2cos(2π5E6t + 1.56sin(2π3500t)), β=1.56 b. s(t)=2cos(2π3500t + 1.56sin(2π5E6t)), β=1.56 c. s(t)=4cos(2π5E6t + 2.57sin(2π3500t)), β=2.57 d. s(t)=4cos(2π3500t + 2.57sin(2π5MHz*t)), β=2.57arrow_forwardA cellular radio transmitter has a power output of 3 W at 800 MHz. It uses an antenna with a gain of 3 dBi. The receiver is 5 km away, with antenna gain of 12 dBi. Ignoring feedline losses and mismatch, calculate (a) the EIRP in dBW (b) the free space path loss, (c) the power delivered to the receiver in W and dBmarrow_forwardA cellular radio transmitter has a power output of 3W operating at a frequency of 800MHz, using a 7dB gain antenna. The receiver is located at a distance of 8km with a 12dB antenna from this point. A)Calculate the power received at the receiver and express it in dBm.B)Now consider losses in the transmission lines in both the transmitter and receiver of 1dB and 1.5dB respectively, and calculate the power received at the receiver.arrow_forward
- Explain the relationship between Gain-to-receiver system’s noise temperature ratio (dB) and the earth station receiver’s antenna diameter (m) in Satellite Communication Linksarrow_forward1.Assuming you are positioned at 5500 meters from the omnidirectional radio receiver you are jamming. Note that the transmitted signal you are jamming originates 3000 meters further away from the receiver. Signal transmitter’s EIRP is 14.5 dBW. Note that both the transmitter and jammer have line of sight, your jammer EIRP of 44W, however, will allow you to jam the receiver with what J/S ratio?.arrow_forwardSuppose two hosts, A and B, are separated by 20,000 kilometers and are connected by a direct link of R=2R=2 Mbps. Suppose the propagation speed over the link is 2.5⋅1082.5⋅108 meters/sec. Calculate the bandwidth-delay product, R⋅dpropR⋅dprop. Consider sending a file of 800,000 bits from Host A to Host B. Suppose the file is sent continuously as one large message. What is the maximum number of bits that will be in the link at any given time? Provide an interpretation of the bandwidth-delay product. What is the width (in meters) of a bit in the link? Is it longer than a football field? Derive a general expression for the width of a bit in terms of the propagation speed s, the transmission rate R, and the length of the link m.arrow_forward
- A cellular service provider decides to use a digital TDMA scheme which can tolerate a signal- to-interference ratio of 15 dB in the worst case. Find the optimal value of N for(a) omnidirectional antennas, (b) 120° sectoring, and (c) 60° sectoring. Should sectoring beused? If so, which case (60° or 120°) should be used? (Assume a path loss exponent of n=4and consider trunking efficiency.)arrow_forwardThe Governate of Dhofar is densely populated that are evenly distributed over an area of 1200 km2. It is given that a percent of the populace is subscribed to a cellular system. Assuming that the cellular system is an Erlang B system with a traffic Intensity per cell of 37 Erlangs, a total band of 40 MHz and full duplex channel bandwidth of 60 kHz. The system covers the city using hexagonal cells with a diameter of 8 km and a cluster size of 7 cells. Determine the total number of cells in the system, the number of channels per cell, the total number of channels in the system and the total clusters.arrow_forward(a) A certain city with a population of 1.2 million residents has an area of 1,800 km² and is covered by a cellular system using a 7-cell re-use pattern. Each cell has a radius of 4.5 km and the city is allocated 36 MHz of spectrum with full duplex channel bandwidth of 60 kHz. Assume a grade of service (GOS) or probability of blocking of 2 % for this system. If the offered traffic per user is 0.03 Erlangs, determine: (i)The total number of cells; (ii) the maximum carried traffic; (iii) the total number of users that can be served for 2% GOS; (iv) the market penetration of this cellular system. (v) the theoretical maximum number of users that could be served at one time by the system. What percentage of the subscribers is this value?arrow_forward
- Optical Fibre communication link: Discuss the results in regards to power transmitted (dBM) Vs The Optical Length. Clear explanationarrow_forwardClassify the following carriers waves into either transmitter or receiver. Thank you!- oscillator, - receiver antenna,- broadcast antenna, - modulator,- amplifier,- microphone- loudspeaker,- amplifier,- demodulator- tuner,arrow_forwardCalculate the noise voltage generated by 5 kilo ohms, 10 kilo ohms and 15 kilo ohms, resistors connected in series and in parallel. Given that the temperature is 55 degree Celsius, and noise bandwidth of 95 MHz.arrow_forward
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