Concept explainers
Scientists at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have worked out thousands of sequences of genes and the proteins they encode, and similar analyses are being carried out at universities and private companies. Knowledge of the
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 10 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
- A molecular biologist wants to isolate a gene from a scorpion that encodes the deadly toxin found in its stinger, with the ultimate purpose of transferring this gene to bacteria and producing the toxin for use as a commercial pesticide. Isolating the gene requires a DNA library. Should the molecular biologist create a genomic library or a cDNA library? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of the Human Genome Project? Why do researchers want to know the details of the human genome?arrow_forwardThe first attempts at gene therapy began in 1990 with the treatment of a young girl with a genetic disorder abbreviated SCID. What does SCID stand for? In the context of SCID, what does ADA stand for?arrow_forward
- Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen pioneered the technique of DNA cloning allowing genes to be transferred from another biological species easily. Their work also gave rise to the development of different recombinant proteins with therapeutic applications like insulin and growth hormone. The former was cloned using Escherichia coli. coli in 1978. With this breakthrough, the first licensed drug produced using recombinant DNAtechnology was human insulin, developed by Genentech, licensed and marketed by Eli Lilly in 1982. Scientists were able to identify and isolate the gene fragment or the gene of interest, in this case, the gene that is responsible for producing insulin. Moreover, they were able to isolate the bacterial DNA of E. coli. The plasmid and DNA fragment were cut using a restriction enzyme. This DNA fragment was inserted into the plasmid using a DNA ligase. When the DNA fragment was then placed into the bacterial DNA, it was then introduced to the host cell (E. coli) and was then…arrow_forwardDescribe the mechanistic steps through which gene therapy might be used to cure a disease that is caused by mutations in "Gene D". A potential patient is reluctant to undergo this treatment, because they remember hearing about adverse incidents from gene therapy studies conducted decades ago. What relevant details might you tell them, in order to inform them on this topic?.arrow_forwardSequencing a genome and identifying individual genes are processes typically carried out - A. via manual transcription by a team of genetic scientists. B. by computers using high-throughput methods. C. by hand with a team of information scientists. D. using experimental processes.arrow_forward
- You have isolated a transposable element from the human genome and have determined its DNA sequence. How would you use this sequence to determine the copy number of the element in the human genome if you just had a computer with an Internet connection? (Hint: see Chapter 14.)arrow_forwardCRISPR techniques allow scientists to modify specific genes while sparing all others, thus clarifying the association between a given gene and its consequence to the organism. If this technology can change the future of Medicine, what specific benefits CRISPR can bring to genetic testing or analysis? How can CRISPR help to enhance gene therapy or treatment of genetic diseases?arrow_forwardWhich of the following most accurately describes the process of DNA cloning? set of laboratory procedures that consist of cutting a segment of DNA with restriction enzymes set of laboratory procedures that uses living cells to mass-produce specific DNA fragments set of laboratory procedures by which a DNA fragment is transferred from a living organism to a SNP chip the manipulation of DNA fragments in a laboratory using modern techniques of molecular biology set of laboratory procedures that consist of isolating of a DNA fragment from a living organism and inserting it into a plasmidarrow_forward
- why are the human genome project and ENCODE important and how do they relate to the future of medicine?arrow_forwardWhat are some of the ethical concerns arising out of the information produced by the Human Genome Project?arrow_forwardWhy can’t all genetic diseases be treated with gene therapy ? Explain how the ideal procedure for gene therapy would work ?arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning