a.
Introduction: Hedging is the strategy to manage the investment risk by taking the opposite position in the related asset such as shares, bonds, etc. Hedging involves derivatives such as options, futures, etc.
The
b.
Introduction: Hedging is the strategy to manage the investment risk by taking the opposite position in the related asset such as shares, bonds, etc. Hedging involves derivatives such as options, futures, etc.
The journal entry to record change in time value and intrinsic value of the option.
c.
Introduction: Hedging is the strategy to manage the investment risk by taking the opposite position in the related asset such as shares, bonds, etc. Hedging involves derivatives such as options, futures, etc.
The journal entry to record change in time value and sale of the option and also purchase of barrels.
d.
Introduction: Hedging is the strategy to manage the investment risk by taking the opposite position in the related asset such as shares, bonds, etc. Hedging involves derivatives such as options, futures, etc.
The journal entry to record the sale of oil barrels.
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Advanced Financial Accounting
- A refinery has 250 tons of CPO on hand. This will be held over the following three months. He aims to hedge against a drop in CPO prices, which might result in losses since his production price is linked to CPO prices. The following information is available to him. Current inventory = 250 tons Spot price = $31100 per ton Interest rate = 6% per year Annual storage cost = $ 44 per ton (4% per annum) 3-month CPO futures = $ 1126.53 per ton a. Demonstrate that the hedging approach will "lock-in" the value of his inventory in two potential CPO pricing situations in 90 days, as follows: i. Situation 1: Assume the CPO price drops by 20%. ($ 880 per ton) ii. Situation 2: Assume the CPO price increased by 20%. ($1,320 per ton)arrow_forwardPlease hep me with question below . Impact on earnings of an option and an interest rate swap. Millikin Corporation decided to hedge two transactions. The first transaction is a forecasted transaction to buy 500 tons of inventory in 60 days. The company was concerned that selling prices might increase, and it acquired a 60-day option to buy inventory at a price of $1,200 per ton. Upon acquiring the option, the company paid a premium of $10 per ton when the spot price was $1,201. At the end of 30 days, the option had a value of $19 per ton and a current spot price of $1,214 per ton. Upon expiration of the option, the spot price was $1,216 per ton. In another transaction, the company borrowed $3,000,000 at a fixed rate of 8%; after three months, the company became concerned that variable rates would be lower than 8%. In response, the company entered into an interest rate swap whereby it paid variable rates to a counterparty in exchange for a fixed rate of 8%. The reset rate for the first…arrow_forwardI have a problem with questions below. Impact on earnings of an option and an interest rate swap. Millikin Corporation decided to hedge two transactions. The first transaction is a forecasted transaction to buy 500 tons of inventory in 60 days. The company was concerned that selling prices might increase, and it acquired a 60-day option to buy inventory at a price of $1,200 per ton. Upon acquiring the option, the company paid a premium of $10 per ton when the spot price was $1,201. At the end of 30 days, the option had a value of $19 per ton and a current spot price of $1,214 per ton. Upon expiration of the option, the spot price was $1,216 per ton. In another transaction, the company borrowed $3,000,000 at a fixed rate of 8%; after three months, the company became concerned that variable rates would be lower than 8%. In response, the company entered into an interest rate swap whereby it paid variable rates to a counterparty in exchange for a fixed rate of 8%. The reset rate for the…arrow_forward
- (Cash Flow Hedge) Hart Golf Co. uses titanium in the production of its specialty drivers. Hart anticipates that it will need to purchase 200 ounces of titanium in November 2017, for clubs that will be sold in advance of the spring and summer of 2018. However, if the price of titanium increases, this will increase the cost to produce the clubs, which will result in lower profit margins.To hedge the risk of increased titanium prices, on May 1, 2017, Hart enters into a titanium futures contract and designates this futures contract as a cash flow hedge of the anticipated titanium purchase. The notional amount of the contract is 200 ounces, and the terms of the contract give Hart the option to purchase titanium at a price of $500 per ounce. The price will be good until the contract expires on November 30, 2017.Assume the following data with respect to the price of the call options and the titanium inventory purchase. Date Spot Price for November Delivery May 1, 2017 $500 per ounce…arrow_forwardCan you please show how to setup in Excel with gains/loss - Futures Hedge Lowes has a large inventory of lumber. The price of lumber has been high for the past year but the expectation is that the price will start to drop over the next few months. Lowes has 8,234,100 board feet of lumber in their inventory. The current value of the inventory is $485.65 per 1,000 board feet of lumber. They want to hedge the risk of lumber prices dropping and their inventory losing value. There are lumber futures contracts available at a quote of $482.40 per 1,000 board feet. A lumber futures contract is for 110,000 board feet. Two months later, the new inventory value is $470.00 per 1,000 board feet of lumber. The new futures price is $466.50 per 1,000 board feet of lumber.arrow_forwardABC Corporation acquired a call option for 500 tons of oil for a strike price of P110,000 per ton to be exercised three months from now. The broker requires an initial margin of 30%. On the expiry date of the option, the market value of a ton of oil is P115,000. * Compute for the net gain or loss ?arrow_forward
- A trader owns a commodity that provides no income and has no storage costs as part of a long-term investment portfolio. The trader can buy the commodity for $1250 per ounce and sell it for $1245 per ounce. The trader can borrow funds at 6% per year and invest funds at 3% per year. (Both interest rates are expressed with continuous compounding.) For what range of one-year forward prices does the trader have no arbitrage opportunities? Assume there is no bid–offer spread for forward prices. Between 1245 and 1250 Between 1288 and 1321 Between 1283 and 1327 None of the abovearrow_forwardYou observe that the settlement price of a one-year futures contract for 1 share of a dividend paying stock is currently at $52. The current stock price is $50 and the risk-free interest rate is 10% p.a. (compounded annually). It is also known that the dividend yield on the stock is 4% p.a. (compounded annually). Set up a strategy to realize an arbitrage profit today and show the initial and terminal cash flows from each position taken in the strategy. Assume that investors can short-sell or buy the stock on margin and that they can borrow and lend at the risk-free rate. Thank you!arrow_forwardMinetech Resources Berhad anticipates the need to purchase 80,000 bushels of soybeans in six months to use in their products. The current cash price for soybeans is RM5.50 a bushel. A six-month futures contract for soybeans can be purchased at RM5.53. Show all your working steps. i)Explain why Minetech Resources Berhad might need to purchase futures contracts to hedge their position. ii)To completely hedge their exposure, how many contracts will they need to purchase? Soybeans trade in 5,000-bushel contracts. iii)If the cash price of soybeans ends up at RM5.75 per bushel after six months, by how much will the actual cost of 80,000 bushels of soybeans have gone up? iv)After the futures contracts are closed outsold at RM5.75, what will be the gain on the futures contracts? v)Considering the answers to parts (iii) and (iv), what is their net position?arrow_forward
- An investor enters a short forward contract to sell 100 euros for dollars at exchange rate 1.3 dollars per euro. If the exchange rate at the end of contract is 1.29 dollars per euro, the dollar payoff is (a) −130 (b) − 1 (c) 0 (d) 1 (e) 130 And, The standard deviation of quarterly changes in oil price is 0.65, the standard deviation of quarterly changes in oil futures price is 0.81, and the correlation between the two changes is 0.8. The optimal hedge ratio for a 3-month futures contract is (a) 0.13 (b) 0.64 (c) 0.8 (d) 0.99 (e) 1.25arrow_forward13. Indang Company requires 40,000 kilos of soya beans each month in its operations. To eliminate the price risk associated with the purchase of soya beans, on December 1, 2011, Indang entered into a futures contract as a cash flow hedge to buy 40,000 kilos of soya beans at P150 per kilo on March 1, 2012. The market price on December 31, 2011 and March 1, 2012 is P160 per kilo. The appropriate discount rate is 9% and the present value of 1 at 9% for one period is 0.917. What amount should be recognized by Indang Company on December 31, 2011 as derivative asset or liability? a. 400,000 asset b. 400,000 liability c. 366,800 asset d. 366,800 liabilityarrow_forwardAn Indian company has a receivable of USD 100,000 to be collected in one month (June). The manager of the Indian Company decided to hedge its risk through market derivatives. He contacted a Forex trader to check the available alternatives. He was provided the following information: Hedging with a forward contract One-month forward rate: INR/USD= 0.0055 Hedging with a call-option contract Exercise Price: INR/USD= 0,0050 Premium: 5% of the value of the option Contract Size: USD 50,000 Maturity: June Hedging with a put-option contract Exercise Price: INR/USD= 0,060 Premium: 2% of the value of the option Contract Size: USD 100,000 Maturity: June Which derivative is the best for this Indian company if on June the exchange rate is INR/USD= 0.062?arrow_forward