Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The mechanistic explanation for the given reaction is to be provided.
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron deficient species that have positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron rich species that have negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.
Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired electrons, which makes it highly chemically reactive.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
When a strong nucleophile, such as an alkoxide or a hydroxide ion reacts with an
The reaction proceeds by
The attack of the alkoxide ion happens at the less hindered carbon atom.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which an electron rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partial positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms to replace a leaving group.
The
The
An
The nucleophilic substitutions in which a nucleophile replaces a leaving group are known as
The stability of carbocation:
Epoxide ring opens on reaction with alkanols.
Epoxide ring opens when halide ions react with epoxide followed by hydrolysis.
Epoxide ring opens on reaction with ammonia.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 11 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (LL) W/WILEYPLUS NEXT
- ( plz explain in detail )arrow_forwarda) Give the mechanistic symbols (SN1, SN2, E1, E2) that are most consistent with each of the following statements:arrow_forwardPractice Problem 7.16 When the compound called isoborneol is heated with 9 M sulfuric acid, the product of the reaction is the compound called camphene and not bornylene, as one might expect. Using models to assist you, write a step-by-step mechanism showing how camphene is formed. HO H,O not heat Isoborneol Camphene Bornylenearrow_forward
- Use retrosynthetic notation to show the combination of alkyl bromide and potassium alkoxide that would be the most effective in the syntheses of the following ethers. (a) CH3OC(CH3)3(b) (CH3)3CCH2OCH2CH3arrow_forwardPractice Problem 12.42b Predict the product and draw a mechanism for the following reaction: NABH, MEOH 12.42b Draw the major organic product.arrow_forwardGive detailed Solution with explanation of each option...don't use Ai for answering this..don't give Handwritten answerarrow_forward
- (a) Given and Scara were given a task of synthesising (2-methylprop-1- enyl)cyclohexane 2 (A potential TB drug). After a brief discussion with each other, Given proposed Method A to synthesise 2 from cyclohexanecarbaldehyde 1 while Scara proposed Method B that started from hydroxymethylcyclohexane 3. When designing a synthetic route for drug molecule, you have to make sure the synthetic process is as efficient as possible (e.g. few synthetic steps, mostly making one product and more). THF A Ph Ph Ph B 3 1. PCC 2. isopropyl magnesium vromide 3. H₂SO4 100 °C OH Method B is not preferred synthetic route due to the number of steps involve (3 steps vs 1 step for Method A). What else is making method A unfavorable synthetic method? Use curly arrows to explain this effect. (Ctrl) -arrow_forward14. Please write the major product for each following Diels-Alder reaction. Explain why they are formed by using Frontier Molecular Orbital theory. (a) 1-(diethylamino)-1,3-butadiene + acrylate (b) 2-ethoxy-1,3-butadiene + acrylate Moreover, draw Molecular Orbitals of 1-(diethylamino)-1,3-butadiene, 2-ethoxy-1,3-butadiene & acrylate. In addition, mark energy levels and predict the products by using FMO theory.arrow_forwardjust (d) pleasearrow_forward
- 8.23 In each of the following indicate which reaction will occur faster. Explain your reasoning. (D) Solvolysis of 1-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane or tert-butyl bromide in ethanol (E) Solvolysis of isobutyl bromide or sec-butyl bromide in aqueous formic acid (F) Reaction of 1-chlorobutane with sodium acetate in acetic acid or with sodium methoxide in methanolarrow_forward7carrow_forward(a) Given and Scara were given a task of synthesising (2-methylprop-1- envl)cyclohexane 2 (A potential TB drug). After a brief discussion with each other, Given proposed Method A to synthesise 2 from cyclohexanecarbaldehyde 1 while Scara proposed Method B that started from hydroxymethylcyclohexane 3. When designing a synthetic route for drug molecule, you have to make sure the synthetic process is as efficient as possible (e.g. few synthetic steps, mostly making one product and more). w 1 THF A Ph Ph Ph B 3 1. PCC 2. isopropyl magnesium vromide 3. H₂SO4 100 °C .OH After analyzing both of these methods, draw any one possible alkene product other than (2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclohexane 2?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY