GENETIC ANALYSIS: AN INTEG. APP. W/MAS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781323142790
Author: Sanders
Publisher: Pearson Custom Publishing
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Chapter 11, Problem 26P
Experimental evidence demonstrates that the nucleosomes present in a cell after the completion of S phase are composed of some “old” histone dimers and some newly synthesized histone dimers. Describe the general design for an experiment that uses a protein label such as
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Describe the packaging of chromosomal DNA by histones with diagrammatic representations. Name the various histone modifications and describe any two among them.
You have discovered a new species of plant. You isolate chromatin from the plant and examines it with
the electron microscope and see characteristic beads on a string structure. After addition of a small
amount of nuclease, which cleaves the string into individual beads that each contain 280 bp of DNA.
With more digestion a 120-bp fragment of DNA remains attached to a core of histone protein. Analysis
of the histone core reveals histones in the following proportions:
H2A 33.3%
H2B 33.3%
H3 0% [no histone H3 found]
H4 33.3%
Based on these observations, what conclusions can you make about the probable structure of
the nucleosome in the chromatin of this plant?
Be specific in describing the nature of the nucleosome: which histones form the core (),
how many of each are present () and size in bp of core-DNA that envelopes it ().
Give at least one example of a chromosomal structureor function affected by the following mechanisms formodulating chromatin structure:a. Posttranslational changes of the normal histonesfound in the nucleosome
Chapter 11 Solutions
GENETIC ANALYSIS: AN INTEG. APP. W/MAS
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1PCh. 11 - Prob. 2PCh. 11 - Bacterial DNA is compacted by two principal...Ch. 11 - 10.2 The human genome contains contains base...Ch. 11 - 10.1 Give descriptions for the following...Ch. 11 - 10.4 Describe the importance of light and dark G...Ch. 11 - In eukaryotic DNA, Where are you most likely to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8PCh. 11 - Human late prophase karyotypes have about 2000...Ch. 11 - 10. What are the two or three most essential...
Ch. 11 - Prob. 11PCh. 11 - Prob. 12PCh. 11 - A researcher interested in studying a human gene...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14PCh. 11 - 10.11 In what way does position effect variegation...Ch. 11 - 16. What are chromosome territories, and what...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17PCh. 11 - Prob. 18PCh. 11 - 10.18 A survey of organisms living deep in the...Ch. 11 - A eukaryote with a diploid number of 2n=6 carries...Ch. 11 - The accompanying chromosome diagram represents a...Ch. 11 - Suppose the genome of a bacterium contains a...Ch. 11 - DNaseI cuts DNA that is not directly associated...Ch. 11 - 10.17 Histone protein isolated from pea plants...Ch. 11 - 25. The molecular probes used in FISH can detect...Ch. 11 - Experimental evidence demonstrates that the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 27PCh. 11 - Genomic DNA from the nematode worm...Ch. 11 - What function do histone proteins perform in...Ch. 11 - Based on discussions of specific proteins and...
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- Mammals contain a diploid genome consisting of at least 109 bp. If this amount of DNA is present as chromatin fibers, where each group of 200 bp of DNA is combined with 9 histones into a nucleosome and each group of 6 nucleosomes is combined into a solenoid, achieving a final packing ratio of 50, determine (a) the total number of nucleosomes in all fibers, (b) the total number of histone molecules combined with DNA in the diploid genome, and (c) the combined length of all fibers.arrow_forwardA cell is homozygous for a LOF mutation in the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) gene. Which of the following is/are true? a. Chromatin in the cell will be more condensed than usual, decreasing expression of genes that should be expressed. b. This will lead to histones with more positive charges on their tails, increasing the interaction between histones and the DNA backbone. c. This will lead to a decrease in DNA methylation and therefore cause an increase in gene expression. d. Chromatin in the cell will be less condensed than usual, increasing expression of genes that should not be expressed.arrow_forwardAssuming that the histone octamer forms a cylinder 9 nm in diameter and 5 nm in height and that the human genome forms 32 million nucleosomes, what volume of the nucleus (6 μm in diameter) is occupied by histone octamers?arrow_forward
- Histone genes are unusual among eukaryotic genes because they do not have introns, and histone mRNAs do not have poly(A) tails. Moreover, in almost all eukaryotes, histone genes are arranged in multiple tandem domains, each domain carrying one copy of each of the five histone genes. Explain these features in terms of the special requirements for histone synthesis.arrow_forwardDescribe the basic structure of a nucleosome. What is the role of histone H1?arrow_forwardTo hold bacterial DNA in a more compact configuration, specificproteins must bind to the DNA and stabilize its conformation.Several different proteins are involved in this process. Some of theseproteins, such as H-NS, have been referred as histone-like, due totheir functional similarity to the histone proteins found in eukaryotes.Based on your knowledge of eukaryotic histone proteins, whatbiochemical properties would you expect bacterial histone-likeproteins to have?arrow_forward
- Point mutations in multiple tumor suppressor proteins have been linked to cancer. For example changes in the gene for adenomatous-polyposis-coli protein (APC gene) may result in colorectal cancer. Consider the following DNA sense strand. 3'-TAC CGG TTG TGA AGC TGA ATC-5' (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Derive the mRNA molecule from the given DNA strand sequence above, paying attention to the polarity of the molecule. Write down the polypeptide chain sequence arising from the mRNA molecule of the question above, using the table of the genetic code (Table Q1 overleaf) and indicate the C- and the N-terminus of the peptide chain. Point mutations of a cytosine (C) often lead to the dysfunction of the APC protein. Write down all possible polypeptide chains that can result from all possible DNA mutations of cytosines, disregarding a mutation in the MET/START and STOP codons. I Specify which of the point mutations identified in (d) are redundant?arrow_forwardHuman Chromosome 22 (48 × 106 nucleotide pairs in length) has about 700 protein-coding genes, which average 19,000 nucleotide pairs in length and contain an average of 5.4 exons, each of which averages 266 nucleotide pairs. What fraction of the average protein-coding gene is converted into mRNA? What fraction of the chromosome do these genes occupy?arrow_forwardCalculate the number of histones to be transported per second per nuclear pore complex in cells which contain 3000 nuclear pores assuming 32 million histone octamers are required.arrow_forward
- assuming a spacing of approxiametly 200 base pairs per nucleosome, how many molecules of histone H4 are present in one somatic human cell?arrow_forwardBase on your knowledge of DNA, chromosomes and epigenetics and upon examining the picture below, name two epigenetic factors and at least one non-epigenetic factor present on this picture. [HINT: which of the factors shown on the picture do you expect to change based on the interactions with an environment and which you expect unchanged?] Methyl Group DNA Chromatin Epigenetic Factor Histone Histone Tails Chromosomearrow_forward1. Certain proteins that stimulate expression of a gene bind to DNA in a sequence specific manner and also induce conformational changes in the DNA. Describe the purpose of thses two modes of interaction with the DNA. 2. Draw the structures of the amino acid side chains that correspond to the following histone modification: a) acetylation of lysine; b) phosphorylation of serine; c) phosphorylation of histidine. How do thses modifications change the character of their respective side chain?arrow_forward
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