Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11, Problem 54P
To determine
The distance from the leading edge of the plate and the thickness of the boundary layer.
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PROBLEM: 13 - 18
Air at atmospheric pressure and 27°C enters a 12-m-long, 1.5-cm-ID tube with a mass flow rateof 0.1 kg/s. The tube surface is maintained at a uniform temperature of 90°C. Calculate the average heattransfer coefficient and the rate of heat transfer to the air.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 11 - What is drag? What causes it? Why do we usually...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CPCh. 11 - Which bicyclist is more likely to go faster: one...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4CPCh. 11 - Define the frontal area of a body subjected to...Ch. 11 - Define the planform area of a body subjected to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CPCh. 11 - What is the difference between streamlined and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9CPCh. 11 - During flow over a given body, the drag force, the...
Ch. 11 - During flow over a given slender body such as a...Ch. 11 - What is terminal velocity? How is it determined?Ch. 11 - What is the difference between skin friction drag...Ch. 11 - What is the effect of surface roughness on the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15CPCh. 11 - What is flow separation? What causes it? What is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17CPCh. 11 - Consider laminar flow over a flat plate. How does...Ch. 11 - In general, how does the drag coefficient vary...Ch. 11 - Fairings are attached to the front and back of a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - The resultant of the pressure and wall shear...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23PCh. 11 - Prob. 24PCh. 11 - To reduce the drag coefficient and thus to improve...Ch. 11 - A circular sign has a diameter of 50 cm and is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 28PCh. 11 - Prob. 29PCh. 11 - At highway speeds, about half of the power...Ch. 11 - A submarine can be treated as an ellipsoid with a...Ch. 11 - A 70-kg bicyclist is riding her 1 5-kg bicycle...Ch. 11 - A wind turbine with two or four hollow...Ch. 11 - During steady motion of a vehicle on a level road,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37EPCh. 11 - A 0.80-m-diameter, 1 .2-rn-high garbage can is...Ch. 11 - An 8-mm-diameter plastic sphere whose density is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 40PCh. 11 - The drag coefficient of a vehicle increases when...Ch. 11 - To reduce the drag coefficient and thus to improve...Ch. 11 - During major windstorms, high vehicles such as RVs...Ch. 11 - What does the friction coefficient represent in...Ch. 11 - What fluid property is responsible for the...Ch. 11 - How is the average friction coefficient determined...Ch. 11 - Prob. 47EPCh. 11 - The local atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado...Ch. 11 - Prob. 50PCh. 11 - Prob. 51EPCh. 11 - Air at 25C and 1 atm is flowing over a long flat...Ch. 11 - Prob. 54PCh. 11 - During a winter day, wind at 70 km/h, 5C , and I...Ch. 11 - Prob. 56PCh. 11 - The forming section of a plastics plant puts out a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 58CPCh. 11 - Why is flow separation in flow over cylinders...Ch. 11 - Prob. 60CPCh. 11 - A 5-mm-diameter electrical transmission line is...Ch. 11 - A 1ong 5-cm-diameter steam pipe passes through...Ch. 11 - Consider 0.8-cm-diameter hail that is falling...Ch. 11 - Prob. 64EPCh. 11 - Prob. 65PCh. 11 - Prob. 66PCh. 11 - Prob. 67EPCh. 11 - One of the popular demonstrations in science...Ch. 11 - Prob. 69PCh. 11 - What is stall? What causes an airfoil to stall?...Ch. 11 - Prob. 71CPCh. 11 - Air is flowing past a symmetrical airfoil at zero...Ch. 11 - Both the lift and the drag of an airfoil increase...Ch. 11 - Prob. 74CPCh. 11 - Prob. 75CPCh. 11 - Air is flowing past a symmetrical airfoil at an...Ch. 11 - Prob. 77CPCh. 11 - Prob. 78CPCh. 11 - Prob. 79CPCh. 11 - Prob. 80CPCh. 11 - How do flaps affect the lift and the drag of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 82EPCh. 11 - Consider an aircraft that takes off at 260 km/h...Ch. 11 - Prob. 84PCh. 11 - Prob. 85PCh. 11 - A tennis ball with a mass of 57 and a diameter of...Ch. 11 - A small aircraft has a wing area of 40 m2, a lift...Ch. 11 - Prob. 89PCh. 11 - Consider a light plane that has a total weight of...Ch. 11 - A small airplane has a total mass of 1800 kg and a...Ch. 11 - An airplane has a mass of 48.000 k. a wins area of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 93EPCh. 11 - Prob. 94PCh. 11 - Prob. 95EPCh. 11 - A 2-zn-high, 4-zn-wide rectangular advertisement...Ch. 11 - 11-97 A plastic boat whose bottom surface can be...Ch. 11 - Prob. 99PCh. 11 - Prob. 100EPCh. 11 - A commercial airplane has a total mass of 150.000...Ch. 11 - Prob. 102PCh. 11 - Prob. 103PCh. 11 - Prob. 104PCh. 11 - Prob. 105PCh. 11 - Prob. 107PCh. 11 - Prob. 108PCh. 11 - Prob. 109PCh. 11 - Prob. 110PCh. 11 - Prob. 111PCh. 11 - Prob. 113PCh. 11 - Prob. 115PCh. 11 - Prob. 116PCh. 11 - Prob. 117PCh. 11 - Prob. 118PCh. 11 - Prob. 119PCh. 11 - The region of flow trailing the body where the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 121PCh. 11 - Prob. 122PCh. 11 - Prob. 123PCh. 11 - Prob. 124PCh. 11 - Prob. 125PCh. 11 - Prob. 126PCh. 11 - An airplane has a total mass of 3.000kg and a wing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 128PCh. 11 - Write a report on the history of the reduction of...Ch. 11 - Write a report oil the flips used at the leading...Ch. 11 - Discuss how to calculate drag force a unsteady...Ch. 11 - Large commercial airplanes cruise at high...Ch. 11 - Many drivers turn off their air conditioners and...Ch. 11 - Consider the boundary layer growing on a flat...
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- During air cooling of oranges, grapefruit, andtangelos, the heat transfer coefficient for combined convection,radiation, and evaporation for air velocities of0.11 < V < 0.33 m/s is determined experimentally and isexpressed as h = 5.05 kair Re1/3/D, where the diameter Dis the characteristic length. Oranges are cooled by refrigeratedair at 5°C and 1 atm at a velocity of 0.3 m/s. Determine(a) the initial rate of heat transfer from a 7-cm-diameterorange initially at 15°C with a thermal conductivity of0.50 W/m·K, (b) the value of the initial temperature gradientinside the orange at the surface, and (c) the value of theNusselt number.arrow_forwardWhat is the pressure drop that arises from a Lid-driven cavity flow?arrow_forwardConsider a 50-mm-diameter and 25-m-long smooth tube that is maintained at a constant surface temperature. Fluids enter the tube at 30oC with a mass flow rate of 0.02 kg/s. Determine the tube surface temperatures necessary to heat water, engine oil, and liquid mercury to the desired outlet tem-perature of 170oarrow_forward
- What is the physical significant of prandtl number? Question does the value of the prandtl number depend on the type of flow, or the flow geometry? Does the prandtl number of air change with pressure? does it change your temperature?arrow_forwardGeothermal steam at 165°C condenses in the shell side of a heat exchanger over the tubes through which water flows. Water enters the 4-cm-diameter, 14-m-long tubes at 20°C at a rate of 0.8 kg/s. Determine the exit temperature of water and the rate of condensation of geothermal steam.arrow_forwardExplain and discuss the significance of (i) Rayleigh number and (ii) Nusselt number in natural convectionarrow_forward
- Consider a fluid with a Prandtl number of 7 flowing through a smooth circular tube. Using the Colburn, Petukhov, and Gnielinski equations, determine the Nusselt numbers for Reynolds numbers at 3500, 104, and 5 * 105. Compare and discuss the results.arrow_forwardLiquid mercury is flowing at 0.6 kg/s through a 5-cm-diameter tube with inlet and outlet mean temperatures of 100°C and 200°C, respectively. The tube surface temperature is maintained constant at 250°C. Determine the tube length using (a) the appropriate Nusselt number relation for liquid metals and (b) the Dittus–Boelter equation. (c) Compare the results of (a) and (b).arrow_forwardDescribe the process of internal flow convection heat transfer in an annular tubeconcentric and drawarrow_forward
- Reconsider Prob. 11–122. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effects of the condensing steam temperature and the tube diameter on the rate of heat transfer and the rate of condensation of steam. Let the steam temperature vary from 20°C to 70°C and the tube diameter from 1.0 cm to 2.0 cm. Plot the rate of heat transfer and the rate of condensation as functions of steam temperature and tube diameter, and discuss the results. Prob Steam is to be condensed on the shell side of a 1-shellpass and 8-tube-passes condenser, with 50 tubes in each pass, enters the tubes at 15°C at a rate of 1800 kg/h. The tubes are thin-walled, and have a diameter of 1.5 cm and length of 2 m per pass. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 3000 W/m2 .K, determine (a) the rate of heat transfer and (b) the rate of condensation of steam.arrow_forwardHow does the scalar transport equation (advection-diffusion equation) change for a turbulent flow?arrow_forwardDetermine the evaporation rate when a container contains hot water and the surface temperature of the container is 75◦C is placed in an air stream that has a mass fraction of water equal to 0.25. For the water over pan If the average mass transfer coefficient is gm,H2O = 0.370 kg/m2·s and the container has a surface area of 0.16 m2 Please make it fast , if not sure skip ,don't give wrong , may downvotearrow_forward
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