Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11, Problem 63P
Consider 0.8-cm-diameter hail that is falling freely in atmospheric air at I atm and
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What fluid property is responsible for the development of the velocity boundary layer? What is the effect of the velocity on the thickness of the boundary layer?
Consider a refrigeration truck traveling at 70 mi/h at a location where the air is at 1 atm and 80°F. The refrigerated compartment of the truck can be considered to be a 9-ft-wide, 8-ft-high, and 20-ft-long rectangular box. Assuming the airflow over the entire outer surface to be turbulent and attached (no flow separation), determine the drag force acting on the top and side surfaces and the power required to overcome this drag.
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(i) The distance from the leading edge where the flow becomes
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 11 - What is drag? What causes it? Why do we usually...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CPCh. 11 - Which bicyclist is more likely to go faster: one...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4CPCh. 11 - Define the frontal area of a body subjected to...Ch. 11 - Define the planform area of a body subjected to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CPCh. 11 - What is the difference between streamlined and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9CPCh. 11 - During flow over a given body, the drag force, the...
Ch. 11 - During flow over a given slender body such as a...Ch. 11 - What is terminal velocity? How is it determined?Ch. 11 - What is the difference between skin friction drag...Ch. 11 - What is the effect of surface roughness on the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15CPCh. 11 - What is flow separation? What causes it? What is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17CPCh. 11 - Consider laminar flow over a flat plate. How does...Ch. 11 - In general, how does the drag coefficient vary...Ch. 11 - Fairings are attached to the front and back of a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - The resultant of the pressure and wall shear...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23PCh. 11 - Prob. 24PCh. 11 - To reduce the drag coefficient and thus to improve...Ch. 11 - A circular sign has a diameter of 50 cm and is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 28PCh. 11 - Prob. 29PCh. 11 - At highway speeds, about half of the power...Ch. 11 - A submarine can be treated as an ellipsoid with a...Ch. 11 - A 70-kg bicyclist is riding her 1 5-kg bicycle...Ch. 11 - A wind turbine with two or four hollow...Ch. 11 - During steady motion of a vehicle on a level road,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37EPCh. 11 - A 0.80-m-diameter, 1 .2-rn-high garbage can is...Ch. 11 - An 8-mm-diameter plastic sphere whose density is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 40PCh. 11 - The drag coefficient of a vehicle increases when...Ch. 11 - To reduce the drag coefficient and thus to improve...Ch. 11 - During major windstorms, high vehicles such as RVs...Ch. 11 - What does the friction coefficient represent in...Ch. 11 - What fluid property is responsible for the...Ch. 11 - How is the average friction coefficient determined...Ch. 11 - Prob. 47EPCh. 11 - The local atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado...Ch. 11 - Prob. 50PCh. 11 - Prob. 51EPCh. 11 - Air at 25C and 1 atm is flowing over a long flat...Ch. 11 - Prob. 54PCh. 11 - During a winter day, wind at 70 km/h, 5C , and I...Ch. 11 - Prob. 56PCh. 11 - The forming section of a plastics plant puts out a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 58CPCh. 11 - Why is flow separation in flow over cylinders...Ch. 11 - Prob. 60CPCh. 11 - A 5-mm-diameter electrical transmission line is...Ch. 11 - A 1ong 5-cm-diameter steam pipe passes through...Ch. 11 - Consider 0.8-cm-diameter hail that is falling...Ch. 11 - Prob. 64EPCh. 11 - Prob. 65PCh. 11 - Prob. 66PCh. 11 - Prob. 67EPCh. 11 - One of the popular demonstrations in science...Ch. 11 - Prob. 69PCh. 11 - What is stall? What causes an airfoil to stall?...Ch. 11 - Prob. 71CPCh. 11 - Air is flowing past a symmetrical airfoil at zero...Ch. 11 - Both the lift and the drag of an airfoil increase...Ch. 11 - Prob. 74CPCh. 11 - Prob. 75CPCh. 11 - Air is flowing past a symmetrical airfoil at an...Ch. 11 - Prob. 77CPCh. 11 - Prob. 78CPCh. 11 - Prob. 79CPCh. 11 - Prob. 80CPCh. 11 - How do flaps affect the lift and the drag of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 82EPCh. 11 - Consider an aircraft that takes off at 260 km/h...Ch. 11 - Prob. 84PCh. 11 - Prob. 85PCh. 11 - A tennis ball with a mass of 57 and a diameter of...Ch. 11 - A small aircraft has a wing area of 40 m2, a lift...Ch. 11 - Prob. 89PCh. 11 - Consider a light plane that has a total weight of...Ch. 11 - A small airplane has a total mass of 1800 kg and a...Ch. 11 - An airplane has a mass of 48.000 k. a wins area of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 93EPCh. 11 - Prob. 94PCh. 11 - Prob. 95EPCh. 11 - A 2-zn-high, 4-zn-wide rectangular advertisement...Ch. 11 - 11-97 A plastic boat whose bottom surface can be...Ch. 11 - Prob. 99PCh. 11 - Prob. 100EPCh. 11 - A commercial airplane has a total mass of 150.000...Ch. 11 - Prob. 102PCh. 11 - Prob. 103PCh. 11 - Prob. 104PCh. 11 - Prob. 105PCh. 11 - Prob. 107PCh. 11 - Prob. 108PCh. 11 - Prob. 109PCh. 11 - Prob. 110PCh. 11 - Prob. 111PCh. 11 - Prob. 113PCh. 11 - Prob. 115PCh. 11 - Prob. 116PCh. 11 - Prob. 117PCh. 11 - Prob. 118PCh. 11 - Prob. 119PCh. 11 - The region of flow trailing the body where the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 121PCh. 11 - Prob. 122PCh. 11 - Prob. 123PCh. 11 - Prob. 124PCh. 11 - Prob. 125PCh. 11 - Prob. 126PCh. 11 - An airplane has a total mass of 3.000kg and a wing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 128PCh. 11 - Write a report on the history of the reduction of...Ch. 11 - Write a report oil the flips used at the leading...Ch. 11 - Discuss how to calculate drag force a unsteady...Ch. 11 - Large commercial airplanes cruise at high...Ch. 11 - Many drivers turn off their air conditioners and...Ch. 11 - Consider the boundary layer growing on a flat...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The passenger compartment of a minivan traveling at 50 mi/h in ambient air at 1 atm and 80°F is modeled as a 4.5-ft-high, 6-ft-wide, and 11-ft-long rectangular box. The airflow over the exterior surfaces is assumed to be turbulent because of the intense vibrations involved. Determine the drag force acting on the top and the two side surfaces of the van and the power required to overcome it.arrow_forwardA 5-mm-diameter electrical transmission line is exposed to windy air. Determine the drag force exerted on a 160-m-long section of the wire during a windy day when the air is at 1 atm and 15°C and the wind is blowing across the transmission line at 50 km/h.arrow_forwardHow does the air behaves at zero degree?When is the flow turbulent?When does the boundary layer disappear?arrow_forward
- Consider 0.8-cm-diameter hail that is falling freely in atmospheric air at 1 atm and 5°C. Determine the terminal velocity of the hail. Take the density of hail to be 910 kg/m3. Take the density and kinematic viscosity of air at 1 atm and 5°C as ρ = 1.269 kg/m3 and v = 1.382 × 10–5 m2/s. The figure for the average drag coefficient for cross-flow over a smooth circular cylinder and a smooth sphere is given below. Find the terminal velocity of the hail:arrow_forwardAn 8-mm-diameter plastic sphere whose density is 1150 kg/m3 is dropped into water at 20°C. Determine the terminal velocity of the sphere in water.arrow_forwardWhat is the physical significant of prandtl number? Question does the value of the prandtl number depend on the type of flow, or the flow geometry? Does the prandtl number of air change with pressure? does it change your temperature?arrow_forward
- An automotive engine can be approximated as a 0.4-m-high, 0.60-m-wide, and 0.7-m-long rectangular block. The ambient air is at 1 atm and 15°C. Determine the drag force acting on the bottom surface of the engine block as the car travels at a velocity of 120 km/h. Assume the flow to be turbulent over the entire surface because of the constant agitation of the engine blockarrow_forwardWater at 25°C and 1 atm is flowing over a long flat plate with a velocity of 8 m/s. Determine the distance from the leading edge of the plate where the flow becomes turbulent, and the thickness of the boundary layer at that location.arrow_forwardWhat are the three layers within turbulent flow? In which layer is the velocity smallest and in which layer is the turbulent portion of the shear stress dominant?arrow_forward
- Engine oil at 40 C flows over a 5-m-long flat plate with a free-stream velocity of 2 m/s. Determine the drag force acting on the top side of the plate per unit width. The density and kinematic viscosity of oil at 40 C are 876 kg/m^3 and 2.458 x 10 m^-4/s respectively.arrow_forwardDuring a high Reynolds number experiment, the total drag force acting on a spherical body of diameter D = 11 cm subjected to airflow at 1 atm and 5°C is measured to be 5.0 N. The pressure drag acting on the body is calculated by integrating the pressure distribution (measured by the use of pressure sensors throughout the surface) to be 4.75 N. Determine the friction drag coefficient of the sphere.arrow_forwardAir is flowing at a speed of 5 m/sec between two parallel flat plates. The air temperature is 20o C and its pressure is 1 atm. The plates are kept at a constant temperature of 90o C and the distance between them is 60 cm. The plates width is 1 m and their length is 1.5 m. What is the electrical power required to keep the plates at constant temperature?arrow_forward
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