Concept explainers
To determine: The movement of primase in the lagging strand in figure 11.19.
Introduction: The process of formation of daughter strands from DNA strands is termed as replication of DNA. The enzyme RNA primer initiates the synthesis of daughter DNA strands from the template strand. The RNA primer is synthesized by an enzyme known as DNA primase. Two strands are synthesized by this enzyme. One is the leading strand while the other is the lagging strand.
To determine: Whether primase moves from left to right or from right to left.
Introduction: The process of formation of daughter strands from DNA strands is termed as replication of DNA. The enzyme RNA primer initiates the synthesis of daughter DNA strands from the template strand. The RNA primer is synthesized by an enzyme known as DNA primase. Two strands are synthesized by this enzyme. One is the leading strand while the other is the lagging strand.
To determine: The way in which primase must move after it is done making a primer and has to start making the next primer at a new location.
Introduction: The process of formation of daughter strands from DNA strands is termed as replication of DNA. The enzyme RNA primer initiates the synthesis of daughter DNA strands from the template strand. The RNA primer is synthesized by an enzyme known as DNA primase. Two strands are synthesized by this enzyme. One is the leading strand while the other is the lagging strand.
To determine: Whether primase has to hop from left to right or right to left direction.
Introduction: The process of formation of daughter strands from DNA strands is termed as replication of DNA. The enzyme RNA primer initiates the synthesis of daughter DNA strands from the template strand. The RNA primer is synthesized by an enzyme known as DNA primase. Two strands are synthesized by this enzyme. One is the leading strand while the other is the lagging strand.
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BIOLOGY
- Application/ Analysis Explain how the anti-parallel structure of DNA predicts its replication mechanism. Identify the major and minor groove of DNA and explain why they are there. Differentiate between semiconservative, conservative, and dispersive replication. Interpret a diagram of a bi-directional replication fork and correctly determine strand polarity and fork direction.arrow_forwardDiscuss Concepts During replication, an error uncorrected by proofreading or mismatch repair produces a DNA molecule with a base mismatch at the indicated position: The mismatch results in a mutation. This DNA molecule is received by one of the two daughter cells produced by mitosis. In the next round of replication and division, the mutation appears in only one of the two daughter cells. Develop a hypothesis to explain this observation.arrow_forwardMultiple Replication Forks in E. coli II On the basis of Figure 28.2, draw a simple diagram illustrating replication of the circular E. coli chromosome (a) at an early stage, (b) when one-third completed, (c) when two-thirds completed, and (d) when almost finished, assuming the initiation of replication at oriC has occurred only once. Then, draw a diagram showing the E. coli chromosome in problem 3 where the E. coli cell is dividing every 20 minutes.arrow_forward
- Number of Okazaki Fragments in E. coli and Human DNA Replication Approximately how many Okazaki fragments are synthesized in the course of replicating an E. coli chromosome? How many in replicating an “average� human chromosome?arrow_forwardMatching Type Choose the directionality of the given process. (4 points) What is the directionality of the given process? * 4 points 3'-5' 5'-3' Exonuclease activity Complementary strand of the continuous strand Addition of nucleotides going to the replication fork Addition of nucleotides away from the replication forkarrow_forwardReplication:- what other enzymes are involved in the initiation phase?- explain the role of primers in this phase- how is the building of the leading strand different from that of the lagging strand?arrow_forward
- AKS 5b: Which statement is correct regarding the semiconservative nature of DNA? * The semiconservative nature of DNA allows for genetic stability in somatic gene production MRNA operates as a template to allow DNA to replicate itself using ribosomes The structure of the phosphate group on the DNA molecule direct the correct nucleotides into place during replication Nucleotides in each original strand serve as a template for the new strand to be made AKS 5b: Which model accurately represents the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication? * * AA AA AA AA АВ ВА AA BB AA AA АВ АС Figure A Figure B Figure C Figure Darrow_forwardDraw a replication bubble. Be sure to label the directionality of all strands of DNA. For one of the two replication forks, draw and label all of the proteins required the text describes as being important for DNA synthesis, and label the leading and lagging strands.arrow_forwardPart I. Structure-Function Relationships in Genes 1. Consider the "two-line model" of a gene shown below - each line represents one strand of a DNA double helix, and the transcription start site is indicated as +1. Use the two-line models provided when answering the following questions. 3' 5' +1 Assume that you know RNA polymerase will move to the right during transcription. On the diagram above, do the following: • Label "upstream" and "downstream" on this gene • Label where you would find the promoter min I • Draw a box where you would expect to find the TATA box • Draw a third line below the model representing the RNA transcript (label the ends!) • Label one of the DNA strands as the template strand 3' 2. Now, let's try that again! This time assume that you know RNA polymerase will move to the left during transcription. Repeat the same tasks as before on the diagram below: 5' 5' 3' +1 I I 5' 3'arrow_forward
- A. DNA Replication Construct a DNA with 15 base pairs. (Note that the first three nucleofides of the parent DNA (3' to 5') strand correspond to a start codon and its last three nucleotides correspond to a stop codon in its MRNA counterpart later on.) Write it down as follows: a. the sequence of parent DNA (template) 3' A C A TT 5' 3' Upon undergoing DNA replication, show what one daughter DNA molecule will look like. Write it down as follows: b. the sequence of DNA Daughter 1: 3' 5' 5' 3' C. the sequence of DNA Daughter 2: 3' 3' 5' in inarrow_forwardI. What is the correct order of enzyme action during DNA replication? Number the steps from 1 to 7. HINT: Refer to the slide show and video lecture on this topic to help you solve this one: Synthesis of RNA primers (priming) Ligation II. A double-stranded DNA molecule with the sequence shown below can produce a polypeptide that is four amino acids long. Identify which DNA strands are the coding and the transcribed template strands by circling C or T to the left of the table below, respectively. Use an arrow to indicate the direction of transcription. In the table, show the mRNA sequences and amino acids in this peptide. In spaces to the left and right of the table, label all 5' and 3' ends of all relevant nucleic acid strands. READ CAREFULLY: The table gives you the possibility of filling in answers that show transcription from either strand or in either direction. You are only required to fill in the information relevant to ONE PEPTIDE (no others). Refer to the genetic code on the…arrow_forwardnd 2 minutes): Any RNA polymerase in any organism: O A Synthesizes RNA chains in the 3 to-5" direction O B. Binds tightly to a reqion of DNA located thousands of base pairs away from the transcobed rogion of the DNA OC Has proofreading activity O D. Separates DNA strands throughout a long region of DNA (up to tinousands of base pairs) and then copies one of them. OE Has a subunit called A (lambda), which acts as a proofreading ribonuclease OF. Can initiate synthesis of a new RNA chain without a primerarrow_forward
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