What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319065447
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 12, Problem 10MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Although archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotes, they are very different.
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Which of the following observations about a bacterium would distinguish it from the last eukaryotic common ancestor? a. A double-stranded DNA genome b. Lack of a membrane-bound structure surrounding the genome c. Fatty acids in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane d. Enclosed by a cell wall
Which of the following are not eukaryotic? a. bacteria b. archaea c. protozoa d. both a and b
Which of the following extremophiles is the best model for the earliest organisms on Earth?
A. a prokaryote found near hydrothermal vents
B. an archaean capable of surviving in the polar ice caps
C. an anaerobic archaean species
D. a bacterium that thrives in a highly acidic environment
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What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
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- Which of the following consist of prokaryotic cells? a. bacteria and fungi b. archaea and fungi c. protists and animals d. bacteria and archaeaarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements does not support how prokaryotes have a large amount of genetic variation A. The mutation rate in prokaryotes is not particularly high B. Prokaryotes have extremely short generation times and large populations C. They can exchange DNA with many types of prokaryotes by way of horizontal gene transfer D. They have a relatively small genomearrow_forwardArchaea are distinct from bacteria becausea. some archaea form methane.b. each have different rRNA sequences.c. archaea do not have peptidoglycan cell walls.d. archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes.e. All of these are correct.arrow_forward
- Propose a hypothesis to explain how bacteria and archaea could have,together, given rise to eukaryotes.arrow_forwardAnalyses of genomes have allowed researchers to determine that some cells have very small genomes. If you were asked to predict which organisms are likely to have smaller genomes than others, which option below would be MOST likely? A. Bacteria that live in plant hosts are likely to have smaller genomes than those that live in animal hosts as it takes a smaller variety of metabolic processes to survive in an animal host. B. Although less is known about Archaea than about Bacteria as fewer species have been studied, it is likely that Archaea have smaller genomes on average than Bacteria as they have fewer metabolic needs. C. Bacteria that are endosymbionts, living within a host, can survive with smaller genomes than free-living Bacteria because they can rely on their host for many of their needs. D. Protists generally have had smaller genomes than Bacteria because Bacteria have such large amounts of noncoding DNA.arrow_forwardGive explanation Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the phylogenetic tree shown? a) Bacteria and archaea are equally related to to eukarya b) Plants and ciliates are more closely related than plants and animals c) Green sulfur bacterial are more closely related to archaea than the Thermotogales d) Methanosarcina and Haloarchaea are equally related to Methanococcus e) Flavobacteria are the last common ancestor between bacteria and eukaryaarrow_forward
- Which phylogenetic model proposes that all three domains of life evolved from a pool of primitive prokaryotes? a. tree of life b. web of life c. ring of life d. network modelarrow_forwardAll of the following statements are true about the3-domain classification system EXCEPT:(a) The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.(b) Lateral gene transfer has forced us to rethink our do-main model from a “tree of life” to a “shrub of life.”(c) Domains are higher than the category of kingdoms.(d) Compared to Bacteria, Archaea inhabit the same en-virons and have the same amount of peptidoglycan intheir cell walls.(e) All of the above are true.arrow_forwardWhen you receive a prescription for an antibiotic, your doctor or pharmacist will tell you that it is very important to take the medication for the full time period, even if you start to feel better before the end of the prescription. Explain why/how, if you stop taking the medication early, you could be contributing to the evolution of resistant forms of bacteria.arrow_forward
- To which taxonomic group do cyanobacteria belong?a. Domain Archaea c. Domain Bacteriab. Phylum Actinobacteria d. Phylum Fusobacteriaarrow_forwardWhich of the following is evidence that eukaryotes and prokaryotes share a common ancestor? a.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes use organic molecules as an energy source. b.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes are capable of mitosis. c.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain ribosomes. d.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain linear DNA.arrow_forwardArchaea are most closely related to which of the following major groups on the tree of life? a. Bacteria b. Eucarya c. Plantae d. None of the abovearrow_forward
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