What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319065447
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 12, Problem 6MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Darwin's theory of evolution states that changes slowly and steadily accumulate over time to cause evolution. Punctuated equilibrium refers to the theory that short bursts of evolution are followed by long periods of very little change.
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Which of the following statements is not true about the concept of natural selection?
Group of answer choices
A-Geographical isolation contributes to the formation of new species as individuals begin to adapt to different environments
B-Natural selection explains the increase in the yield of kernels per corn plant over the last several thousand years
C-Infers that later generations may be distinct from ancestral ones, or a new species can appear
D-Selective pressures cause distinct species to develop
E-Suggests that over long periods of geological time, successful variations accumulate in a population
Which of the following patterns of evolution is most supported by the fossil record?
a.
Descent with modification
b.
Hybrid speciation
c.
Stasis
d.
Punctuated disequilibrium
Which term can most accurately be used to describe evolutionary change that leads to speciation?
A. microevolution
b. macroevolution
c. sexual selection
d. natural selection
e. reproductive isolation
Chapter 12 Solutions
What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
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- What is the difference between micro- and macroevolution? a. Microevolution describes the evolution of small organisms, such as insects, while macroevolution describes the evolution of large organisms, like people and elephants. b. Microevolution describes the evolution of microscopic entities, such as molecules and proteins, while macroevolution describes the evolution of whole organisms. c. Microevolution describes the evolution of populations, while macroevolution describes the emergence of new species over long periods of time. d. Microevolution describes the evolution of organisms over their lifetimes, while macroevolution describes the evolution of organisms over multiple generations.arrow_forwardCharles Darwin proposed that evolution could be explained by the differential reproductive success of organisms that resulted from their naturally occurring variation. Darwin called this process (a) coevolution (b) convergent evolution (c) natural selection (d) artificial selection (e) homoplasyarrow_forwardIn _______________ the selecting agent is the environment, whereas in _______________ the selecting agent is humans. (a) natural selection; convergent evolution (b) mutation; artificial selection (c) homoplasy; homology (d) artificial selection; natural selection (e) natural selection; artificial selectionarrow_forward
- What is an Analogy? A) When an anatomic feature is shared among organisms and their descendants B) When two organisms appear the same C) When convergent evolution produces similar phenotypesarrow_forwardIn what way does the modern synthesis strengthen scientific understanding of evolution? (a) is based on the sequence of fossils in rock layers (b) uses genetics to explain the source of hereditary variation that is essentialto natural selection (c) was first proposed by ancient Greek scholars (d) considers the influence of the geographic distribution of organisms on their evolution (e) is reinforced by homologies that are explained by common descentarrow_forwardHow does evolutionary change occur? A. Through the modification of characteristics in a preexisting population. B. It may involve vertical descent with mutation. C. It may involve horizontal gene transfer. D. All of these choices are correct. E. None of these choices are correct.arrow_forward
- Researchers have found fossils of Eocene horse species in Colorado. Deeper deposits contain smaller species, and more recent deposits contain larger species. How does this observation support the theory of evolution? A. It provides evidence that species change over time. B. It does not support the theory of evolution. C. It shows that all species are related to each other. D. It proves that environments have changed over time. E. It suggests that species are unchanging and of recent origin.arrow_forwardWhat does the term evolution mean? A. The characteristics of species become more complex over time. B. The strongest individuals produce the most offspring. C. The characteristics of an individual change through the course of its life, in response to natural selection. D. The characteristics of populations change through time.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false regarding lateralgene transfer?(a) It accelerates evolution by allowing rapid acquisition ofadaptive traits.(b) It has resulted in multiple ancestral origins for some or-ganisms.(c) Laterally transfered genes are unstable and tend to belost over time.(d) Organisms in one domain have acquired genes from or-ganisms in a different domain.(e) It complicates the process of determining evolutionaryrelatedness.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is inaccurate? Multiple choice (one answer is correct) a.The genetic variation that occurs in a population from mutation is non-random b.Natural selection is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution c.Evidence demonstrates that whales evolved from land-dwelling organisms d.Natural selection acts on populationsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a component of evolution bynatural selection?a. Variation exists within a population.b. Organisms compete for resources.c. Individuals have different reproductive success.d. Organisms adapt due to environmental changes.e. Species are fixed.arrow_forwardWhat were the requirements that Charles Darwin believed were necessary for adaptive evolution? Group of answer choices A. A population contains variation for some character B. The distribution of the character in the population would change over time C. Some variants sruvive and reproduce at higher rates than other D. All of the answers are correct E. The variation is at least partially heritablearrow_forward
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