Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 12, Problem 13CP
Summary Introduction
To review:
The stimulation of Golgi tendon organ and disynaptic reflex that occurs.
Introduction:
Reflex or a reflex action is an involuntary and instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus. The brain and the spinal cord are involved in the production of the reflex movements. For example, the withdrawal of a hand when a person suddenly touches a hot object. Golgi tendons are responsible for constant monitoring of the tension in the tendons which is produced as a result of various movements.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 12 - Describe the actions of muscles when they...Ch. 12 - Describe the different levels of muscle structure,...Ch. 12 - Define the terms motor unit and innervation ratio...Ch. 12 - Using the concept of recruitment, explain how...Ch. 12 - With reference to the sliding filament theory,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 12 - Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 12 - Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 12 - Explain how graded contractions and smooth,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 12 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 12 - Describe the relationship between the resting...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Explain the different causes of muscle fatigue...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 12 - Describe all of the events that occur from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - Explain the significance of reciprocal innervation...Ch. 12 - Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and...Ch. 12 - Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of a smooth muscle cell...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between single-unit and multiunit...Ch. 12 - Describe the events by which depolarization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RACh. 12 - Prob. 2RACh. 12 - Prob. 3RACh. 12 - Prob. 4RACh. 12 - Prob. 5RACh. 12 - Prob. 6RACh. 12 - Prob. 7RACh. 12 - Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most...Ch. 12 - The energy for muscle contraction is most directly...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACh. 12 - Prob. 11RACh. 12 - Prob. 12RACh. 12 - Which of these types of muscle cells are not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RACh. 12 - In an isotonic muscle contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RACh. 12 - Prob. 17RACh. 12 - Prob. 18RACh. 12 - Using the concept of motor units, explain how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RACh. 12 - Explain why the myosin heads don't bind to the...Ch. 12 - Using the sliding filament theory of contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23RACh. 12 - Prob. 24RACh. 12 - Prob. 25RACh. 12 - What changes occur in muscle metabolism as the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27RACh. 12 - Compare cardiac muscle, single-unit smooth muscle,...Ch. 12 - Your friend eats huge helpings or pasta for two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RACh. 12 - Prob. 31RACh. 12 - How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33RACh. 12 - Prob. 34RACh. 12 - Prob. 35RACh. 12 - Prob. 36RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...
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- Shortly describe how action potentials travel to the musclesarrow_forwardMuscle twitching can be explained by the_________ action of synapse. A. Cell signalling B. Temporal Summation C. Spatial Summation D. All for nothing responsearrow_forwardDescribe the structure of visceral muscles.arrow_forward
- Why would severe trauma to skeletal muscle such as acrush injury have permanently disabling effects?arrow_forwardBoth the withdrawal reflex and the Golgi tendon reflex involve sensory signals that ultimately control the same type ofmotor neurons and both are protective. Explain how one reflex can cause muscle contraction while the other causes musclerelaxation.arrow_forwardCompare the inner layer of smooth muscle with circumferentially running muscle cells,to the outer layer of longitudinally running fibres that have been sectioned transversely, which layer is easy to distinguisharrow_forward
- Explain why the ratio of motor neurons to muscle fibers isgreater in muscles that control eye movement than in posturalmuscles of the leg.arrow_forwardDifferentiate voluntary from involuntary muscle.arrow_forwardExplain how whole muscles respond in a graded fashionand how the force of contraction can be increasedarrow_forward
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