Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 12, Problem 4RA
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The result of stimulation of gamma motor neuron.
Introduction:
A motor neuron is the type of neuron whose cell body is present in the motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. The fibers project to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to control or regulate the effector organs, muscles or glands.
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All motor neurons release acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter except
a. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
b. Somatic motor neurons
c. Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
d. Specific cardiac and smooth muscle fibers
Which role do gamma (γ) motor neurons play in the function of a muscle spindle?
Select one:
a. They improve the accuracy of the reported sensory information by innervating intrafusal fibers
b. They enhance the force of muscle contraction by innervating intrafusal fibers
c. They coordinate the contraction of extrafusal and intrafusal fibers
d. They improve the accuracy of the reported sensory information by innervating extrafusal fibers
e. They enhance the force of muscle contraction by innervating extrafusal fibers
Which of these events occurs when a person steps on a tack with theright foot?a. The right foot is pulled away from the tack because of the Golgitendon reflex.b. The left leg is extended to support the body because of the stretchreflex.c. The flexor muscles of the right thigh contract, and the extensormuscles of the right thigh relax because of reciprocal innervation.d. Extensor muscles contract in both thighs because of the crossedextensor reflex
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 12 - Describe the actions of muscles when they...Ch. 12 - Describe the different levels of muscle structure,...Ch. 12 - Define the terms motor unit and innervation ratio...Ch. 12 - Using the concept of recruitment, explain how...Ch. 12 - With reference to the sliding filament theory,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 12 - Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 12 - Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 12 - Explain how graded contractions and smooth,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 12 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 12 - Describe the relationship between the resting...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Explain the different causes of muscle fatigue...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 12 - Describe all of the events that occur from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - Explain the significance of reciprocal innervation...Ch. 12 - Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and...Ch. 12 - Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of a smooth muscle cell...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between single-unit and multiunit...Ch. 12 - Describe the events by which depolarization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RACh. 12 - Prob. 2RACh. 12 - Prob. 3RACh. 12 - Prob. 4RACh. 12 - Prob. 5RACh. 12 - Prob. 6RACh. 12 - Prob. 7RACh. 12 - Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most...Ch. 12 - The energy for muscle contraction is most directly...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACh. 12 - Prob. 11RACh. 12 - Prob. 12RACh. 12 - Which of these types of muscle cells are not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RACh. 12 - In an isotonic muscle contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RACh. 12 - Prob. 17RACh. 12 - Prob. 18RACh. 12 - Using the concept of motor units, explain how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RACh. 12 - Explain why the myosin heads don't bind to the...Ch. 12 - Using the sliding filament theory of contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23RACh. 12 - Prob. 24RACh. 12 - Prob. 25RACh. 12 - What changes occur in muscle metabolism as the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27RACh. 12 - Compare cardiac muscle, single-unit smooth muscle,...Ch. 12 - Your friend eats huge helpings or pasta for two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RACh. 12 - Prob. 31RACh. 12 - How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33RACh. 12 - Prob. 34RACh. 12 - Prob. 35RACh. 12 - Prob. 36RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...
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- Which of these tracts carries motor signals destined for the postural muscles? a. the gracile fasciculus b. the cuneate fasciculus c. the spinothalamic tract d. the vestibulospinal tract e. the tectospinal tractarrow_forwardFill in the blankes The somatic motor neurons innervating the __________________ of the lower limbs are located in the _________________ of the spinal cord. A. smooth muscles; lumbar region B. skeletal muscles; cervical region C. skeletal muscles; lumbar region D. skin; cervical regionarrow_forwardContrast the functions of upper and lower motor neurons.arrow_forward
- Binding of neurotransmitter to the motor end plate leads to depolarization because the neurotransmitter: a) opens ligand-gated sodium channels. b) opens voltage-gated sodium channels. c) opens ligand-gated potassium channels. d) opens voltage-gated potassium channels.arrow_forwardWhen arm muscles hurt after heavy exercise, the pain is detected bya. neurotransmitters.b. interoceptors.c. associative neurons.d. exteroceptors.arrow_forwardHow would a lesion in the cerebellum and a lesion in the basal nuclei differ in their effects on skeletal muscle function ?arrow_forward
- Which statement is correct about reflexes? a. The patellar reflex tests the S1–S3 spinal nerve segments. b. A hypoactive reflex may indicate damage to the neuromuscular junction. c. The more hyperactive the reflex, the healthier the individual. d. A normal biceps reflex response is extension of the elbow when the biceps tendon is tapped.arrow_forwardExplain the function of γ motor neurons. How do γ motor neurons play their role?arrow_forwardSelect the statement that best describes the local circuitry of the spinal cord. a. There is no local circuitry within the spinal cord. b. Local circuits enable the same neurons to innervate both distal and proximal muscles. c. Neurons that innervate distal muscles are interconnected across the midline. d. None of the answers. e. Neurons that innervate proximal muscles are interconnected through many spiral cord segments.arrow_forward
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