Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 15CP
Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and explain why they are stimulated at the same time as alpha motor neurons during voluntary muscle contractions.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 12 - Describe the actions of muscles when they...Ch. 12 - Describe the different levels of muscle structure,...Ch. 12 - Define the terms motor unit and innervation ratio...Ch. 12 - Using the concept of recruitment, explain how...Ch. 12 - With reference to the sliding filament theory,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 12 - Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 12 - Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 12 - Explain how graded contractions and smooth,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 12 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 12 - Describe the relationship between the resting...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Explain the different causes of muscle fatigue...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 12 - Describe all of the events that occur from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - Explain the significance of reciprocal innervation...Ch. 12 - Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and...Ch. 12 - Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of a smooth muscle cell...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between single-unit and multiunit...Ch. 12 - Describe the events by which depolarization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RACh. 12 - Prob. 2RACh. 12 - Prob. 3RACh. 12 - Prob. 4RACh. 12 - Prob. 5RACh. 12 - Prob. 6RACh. 12 - Prob. 7RACh. 12 - Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most...Ch. 12 - The energy for muscle contraction is most directly...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACh. 12 - Prob. 11RACh. 12 - Prob. 12RACh. 12 - Which of these types of muscle cells are not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RACh. 12 - In an isotonic muscle contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RACh. 12 - Prob. 17RACh. 12 - Prob. 18RACh. 12 - Using the concept of motor units, explain how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RACh. 12 - Explain why the myosin heads don't bind to the...Ch. 12 - Using the sliding filament theory of contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23RACh. 12 - Prob. 24RACh. 12 - Prob. 25RACh. 12 - What changes occur in muscle metabolism as the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27RACh. 12 - Compare cardiac muscle, single-unit smooth muscle,...Ch. 12 - Your friend eats huge helpings or pasta for two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RACh. 12 - Prob. 31RACh. 12 - How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33RACh. 12 - Prob. 34RACh. 12 - Prob. 35RACh. 12 - Prob. 36RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...
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- Predict the consequence if presynaptic action potentials in an axonrelease insufficient acetylcholine to depolarize a skeletal muscle fiber tothreshold.arrow_forwardExplain how more than one smooth muscle cell can be influenced by an action potential generated in an autonomic postganglionic nerve terminalarrow_forwardDescribe motor control in terms of the conceptual motor control hierarchy. Use the following terms: highest, middle, and local levels; motor program; descending pathways; and motor neuron?arrow_forward
- Describe the effects of histamine and NO on smooth muscle activity.arrow_forwardCaffeine prolongs the life span of acetylcholine molecules in the motor junctions. Explain how this fact is related to caffeine’s tendency to cause jitters, such as hand tremors and other small involuntary contractions.arrow_forwardProvide a explantion of the Intracellular mechanism of smooth muscle relaxation via antagonists such as meypriame binding and blocking muscarinic receptors M3.arrow_forward
- Explain why the ratio of motor neurons to muscle fibers isgreater in muscles that control eye movement than in posturalmuscles of the leg.arrow_forwardExplain the intracellular mechansim of smooth muscle relaxation of agaonist such as mepyrimine and atropine.arrow_forward___________ crosses the synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber and is responsibile for stimulating muscle contraction.arrow_forward
- In your own words, describe the main events occurring between the arrivalof an action potential at a motor neuron end plate and contraction of thecorresponding muscle. Use 250 words or less.arrow_forwardBoth the withdrawal reflex and the Golgi tendon reflex involve sensory signals that ultimately control the same type ofmotor neurons and both are protective. Explain how one reflex can cause muscle contraction while the other causes musclerelaxation.arrow_forwardExplain the function of γ motor neurons. How do γ motor neurons play their role?arrow_forward
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