Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 12, Problem 14RA
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The striated muscle type with gap junctions.
Introduction:
Striations are the patterns in the muscle tissues that are marked by alternate light and dark bands. They are made up of multinucleated fibers. The function of striation in muscle tissue is to create, force, and contract. The cardiac and skeletal muscles show striations, while the smooth muscles do not exhibit striations.
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Which is a false statement about skeletal muscle structure?a. A myofibril is composed of multiple muscle fibers.b. Most skeletal muscles attach to bones by connective-tissue tendons.c. Each end of a thick filament is surrounded by six thin filaments.d. A cross-bridge is a portion of the myosin molecule.e. Thin filaments contain actin, tropomyosin, and troponin.
In muscle cells, magnesium ions compete with calcium ions for binding sites on troponin molecules. If a person has too high a concentration of magnesium ions in the blood, magnesium ions can prevent calcium ions from binding troponin.
A) What effect would this have on muscle contraction (strengthen, weaken, or no effect)?
B) Use your knowledge of how muscle fibers contract to explain your answer in part A.
Which statement about striated skeletal muscle is true?
A.
The tension generated by a muscle is invariable.
B.
Mechanical summation of twitches in a muscle fiber leads to a graded increase in the tension that is above that generated by a single twitch.
C.
A single action potential arriving at the neuromuscular junction is not sufficient to cause a muscle fiber to twitch.
D.
Muscle twitches are able to mechanically sum when Ca2+ is quickly and completely removed from the sarcoplasm between action potentials.
E.
An action potential in the muscle cell activates contraction by releasing Na+ into the sarcoplasm.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 12 - Describe the actions of muscles when they...Ch. 12 - Describe the different levels of muscle structure,...Ch. 12 - Define the terms motor unit and innervation ratio...Ch. 12 - Using the concept of recruitment, explain how...Ch. 12 - With reference to the sliding filament theory,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3bCPCh. 12 - Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 12 - Use a flowchart to show the sequence of events...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 12 - Explain how graded contractions and smooth,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 12 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 12 - Describe the relationship between the resting...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Explain the different causes of muscle fatigue...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 12 - Describe all of the events that occur from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - Explain the significance of reciprocal innervation...Ch. 12 - Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and...Ch. 12 - Explain how cardiac muscle differs from skeletal...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of a smooth muscle cell...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between single-unit and multiunit...Ch. 12 - Describe the events by which depolarization of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RACh. 12 - Prob. 2RACh. 12 - Prob. 3RACh. 12 - Prob. 4RACh. 12 - Prob. 5RACh. 12 - Prob. 6RACh. 12 - Prob. 7RACh. 12 - Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber most...Ch. 12 - The energy for muscle contraction is most directly...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACh. 12 - Prob. 11RACh. 12 - Prob. 12RACh. 12 - Which of these types of muscle cells are not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RACh. 12 - In an isotonic muscle contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RACh. 12 - Prob. 17RACh. 12 - Prob. 18RACh. 12 - Using the concept of motor units, explain how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20RACh. 12 - Explain why the myosin heads don't bind to the...Ch. 12 - Using the sliding filament theory of contraction,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23RACh. 12 - Prob. 24RACh. 12 - Prob. 25RACh. 12 - What changes occur in muscle metabolism as the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27RACh. 12 - Compare cardiac muscle, single-unit smooth muscle,...Ch. 12 - Your friend eats huge helpings or pasta for two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RACh. 12 - Prob. 31RACh. 12 - How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33RACh. 12 - Prob. 34RACh. 12 - Prob. 35RACh. 12 - Prob. 36RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39RACh. 12 - Refer to figure 12.22 to answer the following...
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- What kind of muscle tissue is found surrounding the urinary bladder? a. cardiac b. skeletal c. striated d. smootharrow_forwardIn a essay describe in details response by a skeletal muscle and examples.arrow_forwardWhich statement about the diagram is not correct??  A. All of these illustrations and photos represent muscle cells B. Illustrations "B" are skeletal muscle which we know from the striations C. The purple ovals in these illustrations are nuclei D. Illustrations "C" are smooth muscle cellsarrow_forward
- A.What type of contractions do skeletal muscles do? B. What type of contractions do cardiac muscles do? C.a. What type of contractions do smooth muscles do?arrow_forwardHow is smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle?aarrow_forwardExplain the consequences if tendons were dense elastic connective tissue instead of dense collagenous connective tissue.arrow_forward
- All of the following characteristics apply to skeletal muscle except a. They are striated. b. They are multinucleated. c. They are voluntary. d. They contain intercalated discs. e. They are attached to the skeleton by means of tendons.arrow_forwardThe type of muscle cell under voluntary control is the ________. a. smooth muscle b. skeletal muscle c. cardiac muscle d. visceral musclearrow_forwardSkeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle are similar in that they all _____. A are divided into motor units B require calcium in order to contract C undergo mitosis frequently to replace dead or damaged cells D have small round cells connected by gap junctionsarrow_forward
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