Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 12, Problem 14PS
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason behind the lattice energy of sodium fluoride is more negative than the other sodium halides has to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Lattice formation enthalpy is the enthalpy change when one mole of solid crystal is formed from its scattered gaseous ions.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 12.1 - (a) Determining an Atom Radius from Lattice...Ch. 12.2 - If an ionic solid has an fcc lattice of anions (X)...Ch. 12.2 - Potassium chloride has the same unit cell as NaCl....Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1.1ACPCh. 12.6 - Describe the unit cell of lithium (see Figure).Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1.3ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1.4ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2.1ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2.2ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2.3ACP
Ch. 12.6 - How many tin atoms are contained in the tetragonal...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 3.2ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3.3ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3.4ACPCh. 12 - Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the...Ch. 12 - Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the...Ch. 12 - A portion of the crystalline lattice for potassium...Ch. 12 - The unit cell of silicon carbide, SiC, is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5PSCh. 12 - Rutile, TiO2, crystallizes in a structure...Ch. 12 - Cuprite is a semiconductor. Oxide ions are at the...Ch. 12 - The mineral fluorite, which is composed of calcium...Ch. 12 - Calcium metal crystallizes in a face-centered...Ch. 12 - The density of copper metal is 8.95 g/cm3. If the...Ch. 12 - Potassium iodide has a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 12 - A unit cell of cesium chloride is illustrated in...Ch. 12 - Predict the trend in lattice energy, from least...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14PSCh. 12 - To melt an ionic solid, energy must be supplied to...Ch. 12 - Which compound in each of the following pairs...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17PSCh. 12 - Prob. 18PSCh. 12 - Considering only the molecular orbitals formed by...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20PSCh. 12 - Prob. 21PSCh. 12 - Prob. 22PSCh. 12 - Prob. 23PSCh. 12 - Prob. 24PSCh. 12 - Prob. 25PSCh. 12 - Prob. 26PSCh. 12 - Prob. 27PSCh. 12 - Prob. 28PSCh. 12 - A diamond unit cell is shown here. Unit cell of...Ch. 12 - The structure of graphite is given in Figure...Ch. 12 - We have identified six types of solids (metallic,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 32PSCh. 12 - Classify each of the following materials as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 34PSCh. 12 - Benzene, C6H6, is an organic liquid that freezes...Ch. 12 - The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.235 J/g ...Ch. 12 - Prob. 37PSCh. 12 - Prob. 38PSCh. 12 - Prob. 39PSCh. 12 - If your air conditioner is more than several years...Ch. 12 - Sketch a phase diagram for O2 from the following...Ch. 12 - Tungsten crystallizes in the unit cell shown here....Ch. 12 - Silver crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 12 - The unit cell shown here is for calcium carbide....Ch. 12 - The very dense metal iridium has a face-centered...Ch. 12 - Vanadium metal has a density of 6.11 g/cm3....Ch. 12 - Prob. 47GQCh. 12 - Prob. 48GQCh. 12 - Prob. 49GQCh. 12 - Consider the three types of cubic units cells. (a)...Ch. 12 - The solid-state structure of silicon is shown...Ch. 12 - The solid-state structure of silicon carbide is...Ch. 12 - Spinels are solids with the general formula AB2O4...Ch. 12 - Using the thermochemical data below and an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 55GQCh. 12 - Prob. 56GQCh. 12 - Prob. 57GQCh. 12 - Prob. 58GQCh. 12 - Prob. 59GQCh. 12 - Prob. 60GQCh. 12 - Like ZnS, lead(II) sulfide, PbS (commonly called...Ch. 12 - CaTiO3, a perovskite, has the structure below. (a)...Ch. 12 - Potassium bromide has the same lattice structure...Ch. 12 - Calculate the lattice energy of CaCl2 using a...Ch. 12 - Why is it not possible for a salt with the formula...Ch. 12 - Prob. 67SCQCh. 12 - Prob. 68SCQCh. 12 - Prob. 69SCQCh. 12 - Phase diagrams for materials that have allotropes...
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Similar questions
- Potassium bromide has the same lattice structure as NaCl. Given the ionic radii of K+ (133 pm) and Br (196 pm), calculate the density of KBr.arrow_forwardUsing the following data, calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride: Ca2+(g) + 2Cl– (g) → CaCl2(s) ΔHlattice = ? Sublimation enthalpy of calcium ΔH = 177.8 kJ/mol First ionization energy of calcium ΔH = 590.2 kJ/mol Second ionization energy of calcium ΔH = 1144.2 kJ/mol First electron affinity of chlorine ΔH = –349 kJ/mol Heat of formation of CaCl2(s) ΔH = –795.4 kJ/mol Bond energy of Cl2 (see Table 2) Use Hess’s law to calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride. set-up must show all the chemical equations and you must show how their H values add up to give your answer.arrow_forwardDefine valency by taking examples of silicon and sulphur?arrow_forward
- Why is water an excellent solvent for most ionic compounds and polar covalent molecules, but not for non-polar compounds?arrow_forwardThis thermodynamic cycle describes the formation of an ionic compound MX from a metal element M and nonmetal element X in their standard states. Based of the table (picture): A. What is the lattice enthalpy of MX2? (in kJ/mol) B. What is the enthalpy of formation of MX2? (in kJ/mol) C. Suppose the electron affinity of X were bigger and the heat of sublimation of M were smaller. Would MX2 be more or less stable? Or would it be impossible to tell without more information?arrow_forwardIs iodine monochloride in solid form conductive with respect to electrical conductivity? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- 1. An 800g aluminium block cools from 85°C to 30 °C. Calculate the heat capacity, C, of the aluminium block. 2. Construct an energy cycle diagram for potassium fluoride. 3. Determine the lattice energy of potassium fluoride. Enthalpy of atomization of potassium = +89.2kj/mol Enthalpy of atomization of fluorine = +79kj/mol 1st ionization energy of pottasium = +418kj/mol Electron affinity of fluorine = -328kj/mol Enthalpy of formation of potassium fluoride = -561.7kj/molarrow_forwardQ4- The density of potassium, which has the BCC structure, is 0.855 g/cm^3. The atomic weight of potassium is 39.09 g/mol. (Avogadro number 6.0221408x10^23) Calculate (a) the lattice parameter; and (b) the atomic radius of potassium.arrow_forwardHow do I calculate Δf H of MgCl(s) given the following data? Enthalpy of sublimation for Mg(s) = + 146 kJ/mol enthalpy of dissociation of Cl2 (g)= +244 kJ/mol electron affinity of Cl- = -349 kJ/mol first ionization energy of magnesium Mg (g) = 738 kJ/mol lattice energy of MgCl(s) = -676 kJ/mol.arrow_forward
- Which substance do you expect to have the greatest lattice energy: MgF2, CaF2, or ZrO2? Why?arrow_forwardIn an ionic compound, the size of the ions affects the internuclear distance (the distance between the centers of adjacent ions), which affects lattice energy (a measure of the attractive force holding those ions together). Based on ion sizes, arrange these compounds by their expected lattice energy. (strongest to weakest) Note that many sources define lattice energies as negative values. Please arrange by magnitude and ignore the sign. - SrBr2, BeBr2, MgBr2, BaBr2, and CaBr2arrow_forwardUse a Born-Haber cycle (Sec. 5-13) to calculate the lattice energy of MgF2 using these thermodynamic data. Compare this lattice energy with that of SrF2, −2496 kJ/mol. Explain the difference in the values in structural terms.arrow_forward
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