GENETICS:ANALYSIS+PRIN.(LL)-W/ACCESS
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260239775
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 12, Problem 1QSDC
Based on your knowledge of introns and pre-mRNA splicing, discuss whether or not you think alternative splicing fully explains the existence of introns. Can you think of other possible reasons to explain their existence?
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The asterisk (*) in the diagram below indicates a single base mutation in the 5' splice site of the second intron of a eukaryotic gene. Due to this mutation, the second intron is now not ‘spliced out’ during the splicing process.
What are the most likely consequences of this mutation with respect to the size of the pre-mRNA and the size of the mature mRNA?
a.
The pre-mRNA will be longer and the mature mRNA will be longer.
b.
The pre-mRNA will be longer and the size of the mature mRNA will not be affected
c.
The size of the pre-mRNA will not be affected and the mature mRNA will be longer
d.
The size of the pre-mRNA will not be affected and the size of the mature mRNA will not be affected
After the intron (which is in a lariat configuration) is released during pre-mRNA splicing, a brief moment occurs before the two exons are connected to each other. Which snRNP(s) hold(s) the exons in place so they can be covalently connected to each other?
Based on your knowledge of introns and pre-mRNA splicing, discuss whether or not you think alternative splicing fully explains the existence of introns. Can you think of other possible reasons to explain their existence?
Chapter 12 Solutions
GENETICS:ANALYSIS+PRIN.(LL)-W/ACCESS
Ch. 12.1 - 1. Which of the following base sequences is used...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.2 - With regard to a promoter, a transcriptional start...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.2 - 3. Sigma factor is needed during which stage(s) of...Ch. 12.2 - A uracil-rich sequence occurs at the end of the...Ch. 12.3 - Which RNA polymerase in eukaryotes is responsible...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4COMQ
Ch. 12.4 - Which of the following are examples of RNA...Ch. 12.4 - A ribozyme is a. a complex between RNA and a...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 12.5 - 1. Which of the following is not a key difference...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 3CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 12 - 5. Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 12 - 7. In Chapter 9, we considered the dimensions of...Ch. 12 - 8. A mutation within a gene sequence changes the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 12 - At the molecular level, describe how factor...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 12 - What is the complementarity rule that governs the...Ch. 12 - 13. Describe the movement of the open complex...Ch. 12 - 14. Describe what happens to the chemical bonding...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 17CONQCh. 12 - Mutations that occur at the end of a gene may...Ch. 12 - If the following RNA polymerases were missing from...Ch. 12 - 20. What sequence elements are found within the...Ch. 12 - 21. For each of the following transcription...Ch. 12 - 22. Describe the allosteric and torpedo models for...Ch. 12 - Which eukaryotic transcription factor(s) shown in...Ch. 12 - 24. The initiation phase of eukaryotic...Ch. 12 - A eukaryotic protein-encoding gene contains two...Ch. 12 - 26. Describe the processing events that occur...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 12 - 31. In eukaryotes, what types of modifications...Ch. 12 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 12 - 34. Figure 12.21 shows the products of alternative...Ch. 12 - 35. The processing of ribosomal RNA in eukaryotes...Ch. 12 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 12 - After the intron (which is in a lariat...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1EQCh. 12 - 2. Chapter 21 describes a technique known as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3EQCh. 12 - As described in Chapter 21 and in experimental...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5EQCh. 12 - Prob. 6EQCh. 12 - 1. Based on your knowledge of introns and pre-mRNA...Ch. 12 - Discuss the types of RNA transcripts and the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Discuss the advantages, in terms of protein structure and evolution, that result from alternative mRNA splicing.arrow_forwardEukaryotic messenger RNA can undergo post synthetic processing after transcription and before translation. One of the processing steps is splicing, where portions of the RNA are removed and the remaining RNA are joined together. Classify the statements regarding mRNA splicing as true or false. True statements Splicing of mRNA does not involve any proteins. Answer Bank Splicing occurs while the mRNA is attached to the spliceosome. In splicing, intron sequences are removed from the mRNA in the form of lariats (loops) and are degraded. One mRNA can sometimes code for more than one protein by splicing at alternative sites. False statements Splicing occurs after the mRNA enters the cytoplasm but before it binds to the ribosome.arrow_forwardIntrons are often very large and the cell has devoted mechanisms of eliminating them once they are excised from the pre-mRNA. Following intron excision, what specific ribonucleolytic enzymes or complexes contribute to eliminating the intron RNA immediately after it is excised from the pre-mRNA? Briefly describe the role of each step/enzyme and how it affects its RNA substratearrow_forward
- Hemophilia in the Russian royal family was caused by defective protein involved in blood clotting (factor IX). This defective protein was caused by a mutation that altered the splicing of the exons. This genetic change in the splicing pattern created a new stop codon in the mRNA for factor IX. Give an example of how a mutation that altered the splicing sites in the pre-mRNA might lead to a premature stop codon in the gene.arrow_forwardIS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing? Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.arrow_forwardDescribe the structure and function of a spliceosome. Speculate why the spliceosome subunits contain snRNA. In other words, what do you think is/are the functional role(s) of snRNA during splicing?arrow_forward
- The following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATGATAGCCAGACTCGCAarrow_forwardThe following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATAAGCCAGACTCAGCAarrow_forwardThe figure depicts what kind of splicing: A sequence change (asterisk) has abolished the acceptor site at the 3' end of intron 1. Exon 2 is skipped A sequence change has abolished the acceptor site at the normal end of intron 2. Instead of skipping exon 3, the spliceosome has found a nearby alternative acceptor-like sequence, a' in intron 2, to use. the three exons are spliced as processed normally A sequence change has activated a cryptic acceptor site, a’ in intron 2. A downstream sequence d' is used as a new donor site, creating a novel extra exon.arrow_forward
- The following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATGATAGCACCAGACTCGCAarrow_forwardIn eukaryotes there is not a consistent relationship between the length of the coding sequence of a gene and the length of the mature mRNA it encodes, even though one nucleotide in DNA = one nucleotide in pre-mRNA or primary transcript. Explain why this is so.arrow_forwardBriefly discuss (referring to the images provided) why mutant 2 fails to produce functional protein. Note that none of the mRNA transcribed from this gene is of the expected size; some of the mRNA molecules produced are 223 nucleotides shorter than expected, whilst others are 47 nucleotides longer than expected.arrow_forward
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