Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 12, Problem 20P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The mechanism that help in the establishment and maintenance of asymmetric membranes should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The cell membrane is a thin and flexible layer present around the cells of all living things. It is also known as cytoplasmicor plasma membrane. Its usual function is to separate the inner side of cells from the outside.
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Explain the following statement: The structure of all biomembranes depends on the chemical properties of phospholipids, whereas the function of each specific biomembrane depends on the specific proteins associated with that membrane.
Draw the basic structure of a lipid bilayer and label thehydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Why is the cytoplasmicmembrane a good permeability barrier?
The plasma membrane of E. coli is about 75% protein and 25% phospholipid by weight. How many molecules of membrane lipid are present for each molecule of membrane protein? Assume an average protein Mr of 50,000and an average phospholipid Mr of 750. What more would you need to know to estimate the fraction of the membrane surface that is covered by lipids?
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- Biological membranes are critical components of cells that allow compartmentalisation of cellular contents. The diagram shows a biological membrane comprised of a lipid bilayer with a single polypeptide integrated into the membrane and spanning the membrane seven times. What is the name of the specific type of lipid comprising the bilayer shown above? What properties about the heads and tails of these lipid structures force them to be arranged as they are in the lipid bilayer?arrow_forwardPhospholipids (Which is charged, what is the functional significance? Are they preferentially located on cytosolic or extracellular lipid monolayer? What is the functional significance of plasma membrane asymmetry?)arrow_forwardIt seems paradoxical that a lipid bilayer can be fluid yet asymmetrical. Explain.arrow_forward
- How do we know that membrane phospholipids regularly intermingle and move laterally, but rarely flip from one side of the phospholipid bilayer to the other?arrow_forward. Cholesterol is an integral part of plasma membranes. Based on its structure, where is it found in the membrane? On the extracellular surface embedded with the phospholipid heads within the tail bilayer attached to the intracellular surfacearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are acceptable and why? [Whereas all the carbohydrate in the plasma membrane faces outward on the external surface of the cell, all the carbohydrate on internal membranes faces toward the cytosol.] [Although lipid molecules are free to diffuse in the plane of the bilayer, they cannot flip-flop across the bilayer unless enzyme catalysts called phospholipid translocators are present in the membrane.]arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true about motion of membrane lipids? A. They can move most rapidly when in the gel phase. B. Lateral diffusion is catalyzed by flippase proteins. C. To increase the fluidity of membranes at low temperatures, cells synthesize more saturated fatty acids and fewer unsaturated fatty acids. D. Transbilayer diffusion involves the transfer of lipids from one face of the bilayer to another.arrow_forwardWhat are the properties of lipids responsible for the property of bilayers? Explain. What are the consequences of this property for the structure of the biological membranes?arrow_forwardLipid bilayers are said to behave like two-dimensional fluids. What does this mean? What drives the movement of lipid molecules and proteins within the bilayer? How can such movement be measured? What factors affect the degree of membrane fluidityarrow_forward
- If you place phospholipids in an oil-based solution, would they still self-assemble into a bilayer? If so, describe its structure.arrow_forward“Plasma membrane is described as protein iceberg in sea of lipids”. why ?arrow_forwardWhy do phospholipids tend to spontaneously orient themselves into something resembling a membrane such as the lipid-bilayer sphere, single-layer lipid sphere, and lipid-bilayer sheet? a. Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. The polar head faces towards water and the nonpolar fatty acid tails face towards other fatty acid tails. b. Phospholipids are lipophilic molecules. The polar head faces towards water and the nonpolar fatty acid tails face towards other fatty acid tails c. Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. The nonpolar head faces towards other fatty acid tails and the polar fatty acid tails face towards water. d. Phospholipids are hydrophilic molecules. The polar head faces towards water and the nonpolar fatty acid tails face towards other fatty acid tails.arrow_forward
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