Fox And Mcdonald's Introduction To Fluid Mechanics
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781118921876
Author: Pritchard, Philip J.; Leylegian, John C.; Bhaskaran, Rajesh
Publisher: WILEY
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 24P
A photograph of a bullet shows a Mach angle of 32°. Determine the speed of the bullet for standard air.
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5. Typical cruising speeds and altitudes for three commercial aircraft are:
Dash 8:
Cruising speed: 500 km/h
at an altitude of 4570 m.
Boeing 747:
Cruising speed: 978 km/h
at an altitude of 9150 m.
Concorde:
Cruising speed: 2340 km/h
at an altitude of 16 600 m.
Find the Mach number of these three aircraft when flying at these cruise
conditions. Use the properties of the standard atmosphere discussed in
the previous problem.
Utilize the formulae to determine the speed of sound and the number of Machs.
QUESTION 1
A jet of freshwater strikes a series of vanes of a turbine at 25° with the direction of
motion and leaves it at 150° absolute with the direction of motion. The absolute inlet
velocity of the jet is 25 m/s and the vanes move at a velocity of 10 m/s. Ignore friction
across the vanes. Calculate:
1.1 the vane inlet angle.
1.2 the vane outlet angle.
1.3 the power/kg of water and,
1.4 the hydraulic efficiency.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Fox And Mcdonald's Introduction To Fluid Mechanics
Ch. 12 - Air is expanded in a steady flow process through a...Ch. 12 - Five kilograms of air is cooled in a closed tank...Ch. 12 - Air is contained in a piston-cylinder device. The...Ch. 12 - Calculate the power delivered by the turbine per...Ch. 12 - If hydrogen flows as a perfect gas without...Ch. 12 - A 1-m3 tank contains air at 0.1 MPa absolute and...Ch. 12 - Air enters a turbine in steady flow at 0.5 kg/s...Ch. 12 - Natural gas, with the thermodynamic properties of...Ch. 12 - Carbon dioxide flows at a speed of 10 m/s in a...Ch. 12 - In an isothermal process, 0.1 cubic feet of...
Ch. 12 - Calculate the speed of sound at 20C for (a)...Ch. 12 - An airplane flies at 550 km/hr at 1500 m altitude...Ch. 12 - Actual performance characteristics of the Lockheed...Ch. 12 - For a speed of sound in steel of 4300 m/s,...Ch. 12 - Determine and plot the Mach number of an...Ch. 12 - Investigate the effect of altitude on Mach number...Ch. 12 - The grandstand at the Kennedy Space Center is...Ch. 12 - Use data for specific volume to calculate and plot...Ch. 12 - An object traveling in atmospheric air emits two...Ch. 12 - An object traveling in atmospheric air emits two...Ch. 12 - While at the seashore, you observe an airplane...Ch. 12 - The temperature varies linearly from sea level to...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23PCh. 12 - A photograph of a bullet shows a Mach angle of 32....Ch. 12 - An F-4 aircraft makes a high-speed pass over an...Ch. 12 - All aircraft passes overhead at 3 km altitude. The...Ch. 12 - A supersonic aircraft flies at 3 km altitude at a...Ch. 12 - For the conditions of Problem 12.27, find the...Ch. 12 - The Concorde supersonic transport cruised at M =...Ch. 12 - Plot the percentage discrepancy between the...Ch. 12 - Compute the air density in the undisturbed air and...Ch. 12 - Carbon dioxide flows in a duct at a velocity of 90...Ch. 12 - If nitrogen at 15C is flowing and the stagnation...Ch. 12 - An aircraft cruises at M = 0.65 at 10 km altitude...Ch. 12 - High-speed aircraft use air data computers to...Ch. 12 - A supersonic wind tunnel test section is designed...Ch. 12 - Oxygen flows in a passage at a pressure of 25...Ch. 12 - What is the pressure on the nose of a bullet...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39PCh. 12 - Air flows in an insulated duct. At point the...Ch. 12 - Consider steady, adiabatic flow of air through a...Ch. 12 - Air passes through a normal shock in a supersonic...Ch. 12 - A Boeing 747 cruises at M = 0:87 at an altitude of...Ch. 12 - Space debris impact is a real concern for...Ch. 12 - A CO2 cartridge is used to propel a toy rocket....Ch. 12 - Nitrogen flows from a large tank, through a...Ch. 12 - Air flows from the atmosphere into an evacuated...Ch. 12 - Oxygen discharges from a tank through a convergent...Ch. 12 - The hot gas stream at the turbine inlet of a JT9-D...Ch. 12 - Carbon dioxide discharges from a tank through a...Ch. 12 - Air at 100F and 100 psia in a large tank flows...Ch. 12 - Calculate the required diameter of a convergent...Ch. 12 - Steam flows steadily and isentropically through a...Ch. 12 - Nitrogen flows through a diverging section of duct...Ch. 12 - At a section in a passage, the pressure is 30...Ch. 12 - In a given duct flow M = 2.0; the velocity...Ch. 12 - Air flows isentropically through a converging...Ch. 12 - Five pounds of air per second discharge from a...Ch. 12 - Air flows isentropically through a...Ch. 12 - Air, at an absolute pressure of 60.0 kPa and 27C,...Ch. 12 - Carbon dioxide flows from a tank through a...Ch. 12 - A convergent-divergent nozzle of 50-mm tip...Ch. 12 - Air flows adiabatically through a duct. At the...Ch. 12 - Air flows isentropically through a converging...Ch. 12 - Air flows isentropically through a converging...Ch. 12 - Atmospheric air at 98.5 kPa and 20C is drawn into...Ch. 12 - The exit section of a convergent-divergent nozzle...Ch. 12 - Air flowing isentropically through a converging...Ch. 12 - Air flows from a large tank at p = 650 kPa...Ch. 12 - A converging nozzle is connected to a large tank...Ch. 12 - Air at 0C is contained in a large tank on the...Ch. 12 - A large tank initially is evacuated to 10 kPa...Ch. 12 - Air flows isentropically through a converging...Ch. 12 - Air enters a converging-diverging nozzle at 2 MPa...Ch. 12 - Prob. 75PCh. 12 - A jet transport aircraft, with pressurized cabin,...Ch. 12 - A converging-diverging nozzle, with a throat area...Ch. 12 - Air, at a stagnation pressure of 7.20 MPa absolute...Ch. 12 - A small rocket motor, fueled with hydrogen and...Ch. 12 - Testing of a demolition explosion is to be...Ch. 12 - A total-pressure probe is placed in a supersonic...Ch. 12 - Air flows steadily through a long, insulated...Ch. 12 - Air discharges through a convergent-divergent...Ch. 12 - A normal shock wave exists in an airflow. The...Ch. 12 - Air approaches a normal shock at V1 = 900 m/s, p1...Ch. 12 - Air approaches a normal shock at M1 = 2.5, with...Ch. 12 - Air undergoes a normal shock. Upstream, T1 = 35C,...Ch. 12 - If, through a normal shock wave in air, the...Ch. 12 - The stagnation temperature in an airflow is 149C...Ch. 12 - A supersonic aircraft cruises at M = 2.2 at 12 km...Ch. 12 - The Concorde supersonic transport flew at M = 2.2...
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- QUESTION 1 A jet of freshwater strikes a series of vanes of a turbine at 25° with the direction of motion and leaves it at 150° absolute with the direction of motion. The absolute inlet velocity of the jet is 25 m/s and the vanes move at a velocity of 10 m/s. Ignore friction across the vanes. Calculate: 1.1 the vane inlet angle. 1.2 the vane outlet angle. 1.3 the power/kg of water and, 1.4 the hydraulic efficiency. QUESTION 2 A pipeline of 50 mm diameter and 4.5 km length connects two reservoirs whose constant difference of water level is 12 m. A branch pipe 1.25 km long and taken from a point distance of 1.5 km from reservoir A, leads to reservoir C whose water level is 15 m below that of reservoir A. Find the diameter of the branch pipe so that the flow into both the reservoirs is the same. Assume the coefficient of friction for each pipe, f = 0.0075, and neglect minor losses. QUESTION 3 The plunger diameter of a single-acting reciprocating pump is 115 mm and the stroke is 230 mm.…arrow_forward3. Calculate the speed ratio, S, for a satellite moving at 8 km/s, assuming that the ambient atmospheric species is 79 % molecular nitrogen, 21 % O2, and the temperature of the gas is 300 K. Re-do the calculation for a gas temperature of 3,000 K.arrow_forward2-A particle is moving in air at sea level where the temperature is 15°c. The two disturbance spheres created by the particle at points A and B are shown in the figure below. Determine the Mach number and the velocity of particle. 6m 3m B A particlearrow_forward
- A jet transport is flying at a standard altitude of 30,000 feet with a velocity of 550 miles per hour. What is the Mach number?arrow_forwardSuppose that a continuous acoustical disturbance is emitted from a source moving at Mach number=2.5 in the atmosphere at an elevation of 500 m above the earth's surface. Determine the time past for an observer on the ground to hear the disturbance from the instant when it was directly overhead, neglect changing in c from ground to the path of airplane assuming standard atmosphere, if: 1-Fixed observer 2- Observer moving in the same direction at a speed of=0.5*carrow_forwardAn airplane approaches at an altitude of 10 km flying at 600 km/hr. 1. What would you hear, and when would you hear it, if the plane were "hypersonic", traveling three times the speed of sound, or "Mach 3"? That's approximately the fastest military aircraft in routine service today. note: To have higher speeds in the air takes considerably more energy. For example, after two and half minutes of flight, when the first-stage main engines of the Space X Falcon shut down, it is 80 kilometers high and moving at Mach 10 on its way to Earth orbit. The Mach number depends on the temperature of the air.arrow_forward
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- A high-flying jet cruising at 3000km/hr displays a Mach Number of 3.2. What is the speed of sound and the temperature of the air at that altitude?arrow_forwardDetermine the Mach Number of an airplane flying with a speed of 677 knots at a standard altitude of 39,344 ft.arrow_forward31. Find the altitude of a supersonic airplane (T = - 52 C°, v = 730 m-s) when the time between seeing above observer and hearing is 9.3 sec.arrow_forward
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