EBK CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
EBK CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134818979
Author: Killian
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 12, Problem 26ESP

At the end of the short arm of human chromosome 16 (16p), several genes associated with disease are present, including thalassemia and polycystic kidney disease. When that region of chromosome 16 was sequenced, gene-coding regions were found to be very close to the telomere-associated sequences. Could there be a possible link between the location of these genes and the presence of the telomere-associated sequences? What further information concerning the disease genes would be useful in your analysis?

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Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disease that causes a lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements.  Affected individuals are homozygous for an unusually large number (expansion) of repeats of a trinucleotide sequence (GAA) in the first intron of the X25 gene.  Unaffected individuals typically have between 7 and 38 repeats of the trinucleotide (GAAGAAGAAGAA…).  FRDA patients have anywhere from 66 to over 1,700 repeats.    To understand how the GAA trinucleotide expansion leads to FRDA, researchers looked at X25 gene expression by extracting RNA from affected and unaffected patients and doing a northern blot analysis (see the figure below): In panel “a,” the researchers used a probe to detect X25 mRNA. In panel “b,” the researchers used a probe on a duplicate of the original blot to detect human GAPDH mRNA (GAPDH is an enzyme involved in glycolysis).     The sample labeled “YR” is mRNA from yeast cells that was used as a control.    Explain…
Huntington’s disease is a hereditary central nervous system disorder characterized by tandem repeats of the sequence 5'-CAG-3' in the gene that encodes a protein called huntingtin. The disease is progressive from generation to generation, meaning that in later generations the number of CAG repeats increases and the age of onset of symptoms decreases. Refer to Figure 21.4 and describe the sort of evidence supporting the generational increase in the number of CAG repeats.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a mutation in a gene that comprises 2.5 million base pairs and specifies a protein called dystrophin. However, less than 1% of the gene actually encodes the amino acids in the dystrophin protein. On the basis of what you now know about gene structure and RNA processing in eukaryotic cells, provide a possible explanation for the large size of the dystrophin gene.

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EBK CONCEPTS OF GENETICS

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