Concept explainers
Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated.
Defense Spending Data about recent federal defense spending are given in the accompanying Statistical Abstract of the United States table. Here
a. Calculate the average yearly rate of change in defense spending from 1990 to 1995.
b. Use your answer from part a to estimate
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c. Calculate the average yearly rate of change in defense spending from 2005 to 2010.
d. Use your answer form part c to estimate the value of
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
Additional Math Textbook Solutions
Algebra: Structure And Method, Book 1
Intermediate Algebra (7th Edition)
Elementary and Intermediate Algebra
Algebra and Trigonometry
College Algebra (10th Edition)
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- Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. New Construction The following table shows the value B, in billions of dollars, of new construction put in place in the United States during the year t. t=Year B=Value billions of dollars 2000 831.1 2003 891.5 2006 1167.6 2009 935.6 a. Make a table showing, for each of the 3-year periods, the average yearly rate of change in B. b. Explain in practical terms what B(2008) means, and estimate its value. c. Over what period was the growth in value of new construction the greatest? d. According to the table, in what year was the value of new construction the greatest?arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Marriage Length In this exercise, we consider data from the Statistical Abstract of the United States on the fraction of women married for the first time in 1960 whose marriage reached a given anniversary number. The data show that the fraction of women who reached their fifth anniversary was 0.928. After that, for each one-year anniversary number, the fraction reaching that number drops by about 2. These data describe constant percentage change, so it is reasonable to model the fraction M as an exponential function of the number n of anniversaries since fifth. a.What is the yearly decay factor for the exponential model? b.Find an exponential model for M as a function of n. c.According to your model, what fraction of women married for the first time in 1960 celebrated their 40th anniversary? Take n=35. Round your answer to three decimal places. The actual fraction is 0.449 or 44.9.arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Sales Income The following table shows the net monthly income N for a real estate agency as a function of the monthly real estate sales s, both measured in dollars. s=Sales N=Netincome 450,000 4000 500,000 5500 550,000 7000 600,000 8500 a. Make a table showing, for each of the intervals in the tax table above, the average rate of change in N. What pattern do you see? b. Use the average rate of change to estimate the net monthly income for monthly real estate sales of 520,000. In light of your answer to part a, how confident are you that your estimate is an accurate representation of the actual income? c. Would you expect N to have a limiting value? Be sure to explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Tax Owed The following table shows the income tax T owed in a certain state as a function of the taxable income I, both measured in dollars. I=Taxableincome T=Taxowed 16,000 870 16,200 888 16,400 906 16,600 924 a. Make a table showing, for each of the intervals in the tax table above, the average rate of change in T. b. Describe the general trend in the average rate of change. What does this mean in practical terms? c. Would you expect T to have a limiting value? Be sure to explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Growth in Weight The following table gives, for a certain man, his weight W=W(t) in pounds at age t in years. t=Age(years) W=Weight pounds 4 36 8 54 12 81 16 128 20 156 24 163 a. Make a table showing, for each of the 4- year periods, the average yearly rate of change in W. b. Describe in general terms how the mans gain in weight varied over time. During which 4-year period did the man gain the most in weight? c. Estimate how much the man weighed at age 30. d. Use the average rate of change to estimate how much he weighed at birth. Is your answer reasonable?arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Yellowfin Tuna Data were collected comparing the weight W, in pounds, of a yellowfin tuna to its length L, in centimeters. These data are presented in the following table. L=Length W=Weight 70 14.3 80 21.5 90 30.8 100 42.5 110 56.8 120 74.1 130 94.7 140 119 160 179 180 256 a. What is the average rate of change, in weight per centimeter of length, in going from a length of 100 centimeters to a length of 110 centimeters? b. What is the average rate of change, in weight per centimeter of length, in going from 160 to 180 centimeters? c. Judging from the data in the table, does an extra centimeter of length make more difference in weight for a small tuna or for a large tuna? d. Use the average rate of change to estimate the weight of a yellowtuna fish that is 167 centimeters long? e. What is the average rate of change, in length per pound of weight, in going from a weight of 179 pounds to a weight of 256 pounds? f. What would you expect to be the length of a yellow tuna weighing 225 pounds?arrow_forward
- Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Account Growth The table below shows the balance B in a savings account, in dollars, in terms of time t, measured as the number of years since the initial deposit was made. Time t Balance B 0 125.00 1 131.25 2 137.81 3 144.70 4 151.94 a. Was the yearly interest rate constant over the first 4 years? If so, explain why and find that rate. If not, explain why not. Round the ratios to two decimal places. b. Estimate B(2.75) and explain in practical terms what your answer means. Assume that interest is compounded and deposited continuously.arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. t is measured in thousands of years, and C=C(t) is the amount, in grams, of carbon-14 remaining. Carbon-14 unstable radioactive t=Thousandofyears C=Gramsremaining 0 5 5 2.73 10 1.49 15 0.81 20 0.44 a. What is the average yearly rate of change of carbon-14 during the first 5000 years? b. How many grams of carbon-14 would you expect to find remaining after 1236 years? c. What would you expect to be the limiting value of C?arrow_forwardReminderRound all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Deaths from the Heart DiseaseTable A and B show the deaths per 100,000 caused by heart disease in the United States for males and females aged 55 to 64 years. The function Hm gives deaths per 100,000 for males, and Hf gives deaths per 100,000 for females. a.Approximate the value of dHmdt in 2004 using the average rate of change from 2004 to 2007. b.Explain the meaning of the number you calculated in part a in practical terms. You should, among other things, tell what the sign means. TABLE AHeart Disease Deaths per 100,000 for Males Aged 55 to 64 Years t=year Hm=deathsper100,000 1990 537.3 2000 371.7 2003 331.7 2004 312.8 2007 288.8 c.Use your answer from part a to estimate the heart disease death rate for males aged 55 to 64 years in 2006 d.Approximate the value of dHfdt for 2004 using the average rate of change from 2004 to 2007. e.Explain what your calculations from parts a and d tell you about comparing heart disease deaths for men and women in 2004. TABLE BHeart Disease Deaths per 100,000 for Females Aged 55 to 64 Years t=year Hf=deathsper100,000 1990 215.7 2000 159.3 2003 141.9 2004 131.5 2007 117.9arrow_forward
- Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Population Growth The following table shows the population of reindeer on an island as of the given year. date 1945 1950 1955 1960 population 40 165 678 2793 We let t be the number of years since 1945, so that t=0 corresponds to 1945, and we let N=N(t) denote the population size. a. Approximate dNdt for 1955 using the average rate of change from 1955 to 1960, and explain what this number means in practical terms. b. Use your work from part a to estimate the population in 1957. c. The number you calculated in part a is an approximation to the actual rate of change. As you will be asked to show in the next exercise, the reindeer population growth can be closely modeled by an exponential function. With this in mind, du you think your answer in part a is too large or too small? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. The half life of 239U Uranium-239 is an unstable isotope of uranium that decays rapidly. In order to determine the rate of decay, 1 gram of 239U was placed in a container, and the amount remaining was measured at 1-minute intervals and recorded in the table below. Time, in minutes Grams remaining 0 1 1 0.971 2 0.943 3 0.916 4 0.889 5 0.863 a. Show that these are exponential data and find an exponential model For this problem, round all your answers to three decimal places. b. What is the percentage decay rate each minute? What does this number mean in practical terms? c. Use functional notation to express the amount remaining after 10 minutes and then calculate the value. d. What is the half life of 239U?arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to decimal places unless otherwise indicated. The Spread of AIDS This table shows the cumulative number N=N(t) of AIDS cases in the United States that have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by the end of the year given. The source for these data, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, cautions that they are subject to retrospective change. a. What does dNdt mean in practical terms? b. From 2010to2014, was dNdt ever negative? t=year N=totalcasereported 2010 1,140,203 2011 1,172,489 2012 1,191,061 2013 1,217,863 2014 1,236,994arrow_forward
- Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to Coll...AlgebraISBN:9781337111348Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan NoellPublisher:Cengage Learning