ORGANIC CHEM PRINT STUDY GDE & SSM
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781119810650
Author: Klein
Publisher: WILEY
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 12, Problem 50PP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The
Concept introduction: Oxidation takes place because of the removal of electrons whereas reduction takes place as a result of the addition of electrons. The oxidized component becomes positively charged and the reduced component becomes negatively charged.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
This question refers to the following reaction:
i) Determine whether the main reaction to form F is a substitution or an elimination reaction. Explain your choice in no more than two sentences.
In the following reaction, determine whether the alkyne has been oxidized, reduced, or neither. (Hint: First look at each carbon atom separately and then look at the net change for
the alkyne as a whole.) Try to determine the answer without calculating oxidation states and then use the calculations to see if your intuition was correct.
H2SO4, H2O
H9SO4
The first carbon atom (with two added bonds to O) has been oxidized and the second carbon atom (with two added bonds to H) has also been oxidized. Overall, the alkyne
has been oxidized.
The first carbon atom (with two added bonds to O) has been reduced and the second carbon atom (with two added bonds to H) has also been reduced. Overall, the alkyne
has been reduced.
The first carbon atom (with two added bonds to O) has been oxidized and the second carbon atom (with two added bonds to H) has been reduced. Overall, the alkyne does
not undergo a net change in oxidation state and is, therefore, neither reduced nor oxidized.
The first carbon…
Using Zaitsev's rule, choose the most stable alkene among the following.
Draw out the structures of each of the options then select the correct answer.
Recall that Zaitsev's Rule is about alkene stability. The trend for this is similar to the
trend for carbocation stability. Either more or fewer groups on the alkene (and the
carbocation) make it more stable. This question is wanting you to remember if it's
more or fewer.
A) 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene
B) 1,6-dimethylcyclohexene
C)
cis-3,4-dimethylcyclohexene
D) They are all of equal stability according to Zaitsev's rule.
Provide the major dehydration product of the following reaction.
Recall which of the four substitution and elimination reactions a dehydration is.
Before you do your S# or EF mechanism, remember what heteroatoms do in the
presence of an acid (aka-the-OH is a bad leaving group, but protonating it might
turn it into a good one).
Don't forget to apply the concept from the previous question.
OH
Ht
A
Chapter 12 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEM PRINT STUDY GDE & SSM
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1LTSCh. 12.1 - Prob. 1PTSCh. 12.1 - Prob. 2ATSCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 8CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 9CCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 3LTSCh. 12.4 - Prob. 10PTSCh. 12.4 - Prob. 11ATS
Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 4LTSCh. 12.4 - Prob. 12PTSCh. 12.4 - Prob. 13ATSCh. 12.6 - Prob. 14CCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 5LTSCh. 12.6 - Prob. 15PTSCh. 12.6 - Prob. 16PTSCh. 12.7 - Prob. 18CCCh. 12.9 - Prob. 6LTSCh. 12.9 - Prob. 19PTSCh. 12.9 - Prob. 20ATSCh. 12.9 - Prob. 21CCCh. 12.10 - Prob. 7LTSCh. 12.10 - Prob. 22PTSCh. 12.10 - Prob. 23ATSCh. 12.13 - Prob. 8LTSCh. 12.13 - Prob. 24PTSCh. 12.13 - Prob. 25ATSCh. 12.13 - Prob. 26CCCh. 12.13 - Prob. 9LTSCh. 12.13 - Prob. 27PTSCh. 12.13 - Prob. 28ATSCh. 12 - Prob. 29PPCh. 12 - Prob. 30PPCh. 12 - Prob. 31PPCh. 12 - Prob. 32PPCh. 12 - Prob. 33PPCh. 12 - Prob. 34PPCh. 12 - Prob. 35PPCh. 12 - Prob. 36PPCh. 12 - Prob. 37PPCh. 12 - Prob. 38PPCh. 12 - Prob. 39PPCh. 12 - Prob. 40PPCh. 12 - Prob. 41PPCh. 12 - Prob. 42PPCh. 12 - Prob. 43PPCh. 12 - Prob. 44PPCh. 12 - Prob. 45PPCh. 12 - Prob. 46PPCh. 12 - Prob. 47PPCh. 12 - Prob. 48PPCh. 12 - Prob. 49PPCh. 12 - Prob. 50PPCh. 12 - Prob. 51PPCh. 12 - Prob. 52PPCh. 12 - Prob. 53ASPCh. 12 - Prob. 54ASPCh. 12 - Prob. 55ASPCh. 12 - Prob. 62IPCh. 12 - Prob. 64IPCh. 12 - Prob. 65IPCh. 12 - Prob. 66IPCh. 12 - Prob. 67IPCh. 12 - Prob. 68IPCh. 12 - Prob. 69IPCh. 12 - Prob. 74IP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- When you react ammonia with a halogenated alkane, will you get only one organic product? Why or why not? (I am not concerned or talking about inorganic products.)arrow_forwardWhy does Hammett Equation only apply to meta and para substituted rings and not others? Explainarrow_forwardWhen drawing the resonance structures for a toluene carbocation (like the one attached below), should I include the structure created after a bond shift from the fourth structure, even though it mimicks the first structure? What about in the second picture- should the crossed out structure be included despite its similarity to the first one? Overall, I'm having trouble determining whether two compounds are the same and don't need to be drawn twice or just similar and need to drawn twice.arrow_forward
- Zaitsev's rule is useful in selecting which carbon adjacent to a carbocation will form the double bond in the alkene product. True or Falsearrow_forwardDirections: The following are two exercises for you to test your comprehension and understanding of the three simple reactions of organic compounds. For the first exercise, try to identify the reaction by looking at how the products differ from their reactants. Study the examples in the discussion again if you get confused. Then in the second exercise, try to figure out what the reactant or the product should be for the incomplete reaction indicated Check your answers against the answer key so you can see how well you did. Then do the final task. Activity 1: Study and classify the following reactions as S (substitution), E (elimination) or A (addition). Explain your answer. 1 CH3-CHOH-CH2-CH-CH3 > CH3-CH=CH-CH-CH3 + H2O 2 CH3-CH₂-CH₂F+ NaCl → CH-CH₂-CH₂Cl + NaF 3 CH2=CH-CH2–CH; + HO > CH3-CHOH-CH-CH3 4 HCC-CH₂-CH3 CH₂=CH-CH₂-CH3 + H₂ 5 -CH3 + HOCI H₂CH H₂ ctivity 2: Complete the reaction by drawing or writing the correct structure to match type of reaction indicated. Use the blank box…arrow_forwardPlease answer this Can you give examples to explain Addition reactions-general characteristics Benzene rings do not reactthi like alkenes Remember, the electrophile adds to the less substituted carbon, and the nucleophile to the more substituted carbon. Markovnikov’s Rule: The addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene favors the product in which the proton adds to the alkene carbon that is initially bonded to the greater number of hydrogen atoms. Carbocation rearrangements- Methyl groups and hydride groups can migrate to make a more stable carbocation. A primary carbocation is less stable than a secondary carbocation, which is less stable than a tertiary carbocation. Addition of A Strong Bronsted Acid Hydrohalogenation HX addition to an alkene. Goes through a carbocation intermediate. The electrophile (H+) adds to the less substituted carbon, and the carbocation forms on the more substituted carbon. The nucleophile (X-) then adds to the more substituted carbocation.…arrow_forward
- Determine the number of carbons present in the compound based on the base name. Draw the carbon chain and include any double or triple bonds if indicated in the suffix of the base name. Number each carbon. The carbons can be numbered from left to right or right to left. Draw any substituents on the corresponding carbon atom for which is indicated in the name. Refer to Figures 4 and 5 in the background for a visual representation of numbered carbons with corresponding substituents. Check that each carbon atom has a total of 4 bonds.arrow_forwardThis question refers to the following reaction: (SEE IMAGE attached FOR REACTION) i) Determine whether the main reaction to form F is a substitution or an elimination reaction. Explain your choice in no more than two sentences.arrow_forwardChoose the best starting alkyne for the reaction in the image.arrow_forward
- o. Opioids are compounds derived from opium, which comes from the opium poppy. Although in reality, all poppies produce opoids, the drug “morphine" , codeine as well as other opioid pain killers are typically derived from opium. A quick way to find or identify these compounds is to look for a six-membered ring containing a nitrogen. Often, if you see a six-membered ring with a nitrogen, you have some sort of an opoid or a modified synthetic pain killer. With that said, morphine and codeine are typically not injected or given orally in pure form. Instead, their salts are used, such as morphine sulfate or codeine phosphate. Why are the salts used or administered instead of the pure substances (or non-salt forms)? (I am not interested in drug names, but to have you answer the why of this question.) BIU E E E E 3回fe 27 В. acen W 1 F T F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 () NumLk Prt Sc Pause Brarrow_forwardThis is an organic chemistry question? Identify the major product(s) formed by the following reaction. PLEASE SHOW STEP BY STEP! ALSO PLEASE INCLUDE ALL ELECTRON LONE PAIRS AND CHARGES FOR STRUCTURES IF NECESSARY!arrow_forwardexplain why sodium amide can be used to form a carbanion from a terminal alkyne but not an alkane.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning