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trong>Exercise 12.1 For each of the following pairs of bonds, Choose the bond that will be more polar.
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- what bonds are being broken and formed (include sigma and pi bodns as well)arrow_forwardA paper published in the research Journal Science in 2007 (S. Vallina and R. Simo, Science, Vol. 315, p. 506, January 26, 2007) reported studies of dimethylsulfide (DMS), an important green-house gas that is released by marine phytoplankton. This gas represents the largest natural source of atmospheric sulfur and a major precursor of hygroscopic (i.e., cloud-forming) particles in clean air over the remote oceans, thereby acting to reduce the amount of solar radiation that crosses the atmosphere and is absorbed by the ocean. (a) Sketch the Lewis structure of dimethylsulfide, CH3SCH3, and list the bond angles in the molecule. (b) Use electronegativities to decide where the positive and negative charges lie in the molecule. Is the molecule polar? (c) The mean seawater concentration of DMS in the ocean in the region between 15 north latitude and 15 south latitude is 2.7 nM (nanomolar). How many molecules of DMS are present in 1.0 m3 of seawater?arrow_forward7.97 Consider the structure shown below for as well as any other important resonance structures. (a) What is the expected O—N—O bond angle in this structure? (b) The molecule contains N—O bonds of two different lengths. How many sborter N—O bonds would be present?arrow_forward
- For each of the following molecules or molecular ions, give the steric number, sketch and name the approximate molecular geometry, and describe the direction of any distortions from the approximate geometry due to lone pairs. In each case, the central atom is listed first and the other atoms are all bonded directly to it. (a) TeH2 (b) AsF3 (c) PCl4+ (d) XeF5+arrow_forwardConsider the following flat drawing of methane (CH4) . a. What is HCH bond angle implied by this drawing if you assume it is flat? b. Are the electron domains of this flat CH4 spread out as much as possible? c. Use model materials to make a model of CH4 (methane). If you assembled it correctly, thefour bonds (bonding electron domains) of your model will be 109.5° apart. d. In which representation, the drawing above or the model in your hand (circle one) are theH’s of CH4 more spread out around the central carbon? e. Confirm that your model looks like the following drawing. The wedgebond represents a bond coming out of the page, and the dash bondrepresents a bond going into the page f. You will often see methane drawn as if it were flat (like on the previous page). Why is thismisleading, and what is left to the viewer’s imagination when looking at such a drawing?arrow_forwardDraw the Lewis electron dot structures for these molecules, including resonance structures where appropriate: (a) CS32 (b) CS2 (c) CS (d) predict the molecular shapes for CS32 and CS2 and explain how you arrived at your predictionsarrow_forward
- 7.13 Figure 7-2 depicts the interactions of an ion with its first nearest neighbors, second nearest neighbors, and third nearest neighbors in a lattice, (a) Would the interactions with the fourth nearest neighbors be attractive or repulsive? (b) Based on Coulomb's law, how would the relative sizes of the terms compare if the potential energy were expressed as V=V1st+V2nd+V3rd+V4th ?arrow_forwardChlorofluorocarbons have been banned because they cause ozone depletion. The main replacements are hydrofluorocarbons, such as CF3CFH2. Draw a Lewis structure for CF3CFH2, determine its geometry, make a sketch of the molecule, and determine whether it is polar. (The two carbons are bonded to each other in the middle of the molecule, and the other atoms are bound to the two central carbon atoms.)arrow_forwardUse the simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16MolecPolarity) to perform the following exercises for a real molecule. You may need to rotate the molecules in three dimensions to see certain dipoles. (a) Sketch the bond dipoles and molecular dipole (if any) for O3 Explain your observations. (b) Look at the bond dipoles for NH3. Use these dipoles to predict whether N or H is more electronegative. (c) Predict whether there should be a molecular dipole for NH3 and, if so, in which direction it will point. Check the molecular dipole box to test your hypothesis.arrow_forward
- Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) ClF3 (b) PCl5 (c) BF3 (d) PF6arrow_forwardUse VSEPR to explain why the HBH bond angle of BH3 is 120°. (Hint: What is one-third of360°?)arrow_forwardThe molecular ion S3N3 has the cyclic structure All SN bonds are equivalent. (a) Give six equivalent resonance hybrid Lewis diagrams for this molecular ion. (b) Compute the formal charges on all atoms in the molecular ion in each of the six Lewis diagrams. (c) Determine the charge on each atom in the polyatomic ion, assuming that the true distribution of electrons is the average of the six Lewis diagrams arrived at in parts (a) and (b). (d) An advanced calculation suggests that the actual charge resident on each N atom is 0.375 and on each S atom is +0.041 . Show that this result is consistent with the overall +1 charge on the molecular ion.arrow_forward
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