Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 13PIAT
Summary Introduction
To explain:
A unique feature of meiosis I is the attachment of both kinetochores of a duplicated chromosome to spindle fibers that come from a single spindle pole. Explain the reason behind the importance of this unusual attachment.
Introduction:
Meiosis is a cell division process producing two daughter cells with two chromosome sets, one from mother (eggs) and one from father (sperm) to produce a new combination of genes (zygote).The kinetochore is a protein complex that is present on the chromatids.
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During metaphase I of meiosis, tetrads align along the metaphase plate independently of each other. Therefore, there is a random “shuffle” of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the resulting gametes.The following diagram demonstrates how this works in a diploid cell with four chromosomes (2n=4) . Because there are two pairs of chromosomes and each pair can align in one of two ways during metaphase I, the number of possible variations in the gametes produced is 22 or 4.For an organism that is , there are three pairs of chromosomes, so the number of possible variations in the gametes produced due to independent assortment in metaphase I is 23 or 8.
In an organism with a haploid number of 7, how many possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can occur in its gametes?
a. 72=49
b. 27=128
c.17=1
d. 214=16 384
During zygotene stage of meiosis I, a remarkable pairing of chromosomes occurs. Look at the bottom part of As shown in which “mitosis: growth of the body” has produced cells with four different types of chromosomes. The black ones came from the sperm nucleus. The red ones came from the egg nucleus. If one of these nuclei were to undergo meiosis, which chromosomeswould pair during zygotene (which are homologous)— the long black one with the short black one or the long black one with the long red one?
The diagram below shows a cell during Meiosis II:
a) What phase of Meiosis II is the cell in? How do you know?
b) Assuming all of the chromosomes present during Meiosis II are shown in the figure above, how many chromosomes (counting homologous pairs as two chromosomes) does a gamete from this organism have?
c) Draw the same cell during the same phase of Meiosis I. Label the elements
Chapter 13 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 13 - What is an outcome of genetic recombination? a....Ch. 13 - What proportion of chromosomes in a man's skin...Ch. 13 - Nondisjunction that leads to problems in offspring...Ch. 13 - If you followed a woman's cells through meiosis,...Ch. 13 - 10. PROCESS OF SCIENCE A species of rotifer, a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11PIATCh. 13 - Prob. 13PIATCh. 13 - In meiosis I in older females, chromosomes often...
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- Variations in Chromosome NumberAneuploidy Describe the process of nondisjunction and explain when it takes place during cell division.arrow_forwardDuring metaphase I of meiosis, tetrads align along the metaphase plate independently of each other. Therefore, there is a random “shuffle” of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the resulting gametes.The following diagram demonstrates how this works in a diploid cell with four chromosomes . Because there are two pairs of chromosomes and each pair can align in one of two ways during metaphase I, the number of possible variations in the gametes produced is , or .For an organism that is , there are three pairs of chromosomes, so the number of possible variations in the gametes produced due to independent assortment in metaphase I is , or . In an organism with a haploid number of , how many possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can occur in its gametes? Select one: a. 72=49 b. 27=128 c.17=1 d. 214=16 384arrow_forwardIn kangaroos, the somatic cells are diploid, having 22 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are present in each cell at metaphase II of meiosis?arrow_forward
- Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells that are identical to the starting cell. Explain how meíosis is different using this diagram to help you. 1) How many cells are created through meiosis? 2) Describe the chromosomes in each gamete at the end of meiosis? Are the set of chromosomes in a gamete identical to the starting cell like they are in mitosis? Are there the same number of chromosomes in each gamete as the starting cell? Starting cell's chromosomes: 1А, 1B, 2A, 2B Interphase After the S phase of interphase: 4 pairs of sister chromatids 1A 1A 1B 1B 2A 2A 2B 2B Meiosis has 2 rounds of cell division 1A, 1A, 1B, 1B, 2A 2B 2A 2B tv MacBook Air DII DD 80 888 F9 F10 F6 F7 F8 F4 F3 * #3 2$ % & 8 9 3 4 E T. Y F G J K * CO Rarrow_forwardMeiosis is characterized by the pairing of homologouschromosomes during prophase I. In many species, an elaboratestructure called the synaptonemal complex forms betweenhomologues. During this pairing, homologues may exchangechromosomal material at sites called chiasmata. In meiosis I, thehomologues separate from each other, reducing the chromosomenumber to the haploid state (thus the reductive division). It isfollowed by a second division without replication, during whichsister chromatids become separated. The result of meiosis I and IIis four haploid cells. If sister chromatids separated at the first division, would meiosis still work?arrow_forwardConsider a diploid cell that contains 7 pairs of chromosomes. Each pair includes a maternal and a paternal member (for example: AP pair) or AP B ^ n * B ^ p (two pairs). How many different combinations of chromatids are possible during the early phases of anaphase in meiosis II?arrow_forward
- A cell in prophase II of meiosis contains 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be present in a cell from the same organism if it were in prophase of mitosis? Prophase I of meiosis?arrow_forwardWhat phase of meiosis does the nuclear membrane breaks down and the spindle begins to form?arrow_forwardA cell undergoing division has a haploid chromosome number of 15. Give the numerical value for each of the following: 1. number of chromatids in a cell in metaphase of meiosis II2. number of centromeres in a cell in prophase of meiosis II 3. number of centromeres following cytokinesis of meiosis Iarrow_forward
- The developing egg cell of a plant with a diploid chromosome number 20 was treated with colchicine. A normal sperm cell subsequently fertilized this egg. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in the zygote? Explain.arrow_forwardA diploid cell has 15 picograms of DNA in G₁ phase. If this cell is a germ line cell that undergoes meiosis, how much DNA will each daughter cell contain at the end of meiosis I? How much DNA will each daughter cell contain at the end of meiosis II? MI = 30 pg: MII = 15 pg O MI = 15 pg; MII = 15 pg MI = 7.5 pg; MII = 15 pg O MI = 15 pg: MII = 7.5 pgarrow_forwardCan somebody label mitosis and meiosis I/II in reference to whether the chromosomes are diploid or haploid? For example, after crossing over in prophase I, will metaphase I, anaphase I, and beyond just have diploids as chromosomes?arrow_forward
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