The number of Ty2 strain of Salmonella typhi that was able to enter normal cells than cells heterozygous for the Δ F508 allele. Introduction: An allele is the modification of the gene. Salmonella typhi is the causative bacteria of typhoid. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused due to the inability of the cell to perform endocytosis due to a mutation in the CFTR gene. Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Endocytosis is a phenomenon where the cell takes up molecules by engulfing with its membrane. The S. typhi exploits this mechanism to infect the intestinal cell and causes diarrhea. The cells that are homozygous for this CFTR mutation cannot perform endocytosis, and the S. typhi cannot infect those individuals.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To explain: The number of Ty2 strain of Salmonella typhi that was able to enter normal cells than cells heterozygous for the ΔF508 allele.

Introduction: An allele is the modification of the gene. Salmonella typhi is the causative bacteria of typhoid. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused due to the inability of the cell to perform endocytosis due to a mutation in the CFTR gene. Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Endocytosis is a phenomenon where the cell takes up molecules by engulfing with its membrane. The S. typhi exploits this mechanism to infect the intestinal cell and causes diarrhea. The cells that are homozygous for this CFTR mutation cannot perform endocytosis, and the S. typhi cannot infect those individuals.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Scientist G along with his colleagues studied the uptake of S. typhi by two types of epithelial cells:

Cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.
Cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and the normal alleles.

Cells that are homozygous for the mutant allele do not take up S. typhi; therefore, those cells were not chosen. A bar graph was drawn with three strains of S. typhi on the X-axis, and the number of bacteria internalized by both types of cells in the Y-axis.

Approximately, 600,000 S. typhi entered the normal cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.

Approximately, 80,000 S. typhi entered the mutated cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and normal alleles.

Therefore, the number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells than heterozygous cells can be calculated as follows:

Number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells=60000080000=7.5

Conclusion

Therefore, about 7.5 times more S. typhi entered the normal cells.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

The allele of the gene responsible for the lung disorder, cystic fibrosis rose to prominence in Europe in the 1800s. Cystic fibrosis disease results from thick mucus accumulating in the lungs, which occurs in individuals who are homozygous for the CF allele. A pleiotropic effect is that heterozygous individuals are less likely to suffer from diarrhea. During the European cholera epidemics of the 1800s, resistance against diarrhea conferred a survival advantage such that approximately one in every 400 people in some European populations have cystic fibrosis. Fill in the table below with the genotype and allele frequencies for this 1 in 400 occurrence and provide the Hardy-Weinberg principle model you will be using. (Assume that individuals with the cystic fibrosis trait (CF) reproduce normally and that good sanitation means that there is currently no fitness advantage to diarrhea resistance.) phenotype CF DR normal (totals) Genotype cc Cc CC Number of Individuals 1 ______…

A mutant allele in persons with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) causes death due to a lack of liver receptors for LDL. Susceptible persons have half the normal number of receptors, while other individuals have the normal number of receptors. In a phenotypically normal couple, the man had a female 1 cousin (on his father’s side) who died from FH; the woman had a maternal uncle with FH. Using standard symbols, draw apedigree of these couple’s families. Write the genotypes of each family member.

Take the example of B-thalassemia, an autosomal recessive genetic disease that particularly affects people from around the Mediterranean. This disease is associated with an anomaly of hemoglobin, a protein essential for the transport of oxygen, which is composed of four chains: two alpha (a) and two beta (B). In case of B-thalassemia, the ẞ chains are produced in insufficient or no quantity in an individual homozygous recessive resulting in insufficient production of overall hemoglobin leading to anemia and other physiological challenges. The gene that controls the synthesis of the ẞ chains is located on chromosome 11. Here is part of the coding portion of this gene (which controls a total of 146 amino acids and of which you only see the portion 36 to 41) and one of the targeted mutations: 1. Give the sequence of amino acids from the template and mutated strands. 2. What type of point mutation is it? 3. Using the principles of the theory of evolution, explain briefly and generally why…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To explain: The number of Ty2 strain of Salmonella typhi that was able to enter normal cells than cells heterozygous for the ΔF508 allele.

Introduction: An allele is the modification of the gene. Salmonella typhi is the causative bacteria of typhoid. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused due to the inability of the cell to perform endocytosis due to a mutation in the CFTR gene. Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Endocytosis is a phenomenon where the cell takes up molecules by engulfing with its membrane. The S. typhi exploits this mechanism to infect the intestinal cell and causes diarrhea. The cells that are homozygous for this CFTR mutation cannot perform endocytosis, and the S. typhi cannot infect those individuals.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Scientist G along with his colleagues studied the uptake of S. typhi by two types of epithelial cells:

Cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.
Cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and the normal alleles.

Cells that are homozygous for the mutant allele do not take up S. typhi; therefore, those cells were not chosen. A bar graph was drawn with three strains of S. typhi on the X-axis, and the number of bacteria internalized by both types of cells in the Y-axis.

Approximately, 600,000 S. typhi entered the normal cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.

Approximately, 80,000 S. typhi entered the mutated cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and normal alleles.

Therefore, the number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells than heterozygous cells can be calculated as follows:

Number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells=60000080000=7.5

Conclusion

Therefore, about 7.5 times more S. typhi entered the normal cells.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To explain: The number of Ty2 strain of Salmonella typhi that was able to enter normal cells than cells heterozygous for the ΔF508 allele.

Introduction: An allele is the modification of the gene. Salmonella typhi is the causative bacteria of typhoid. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused due to the inability of the cell to perform endocytosis due to a mutation in the CFTR gene. Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Endocytosis is a phenomenon where the cell takes up molecules by engulfing with its membrane. The S. typhi exploits this mechanism to infect the intestinal cell and causes diarrhea. The cells that are homozygous for this CFTR mutation cannot perform endocytosis, and the S. typhi cannot infect those individuals.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Scientist G along with his colleagues studied the uptake of S. typhi by two types of epithelial cells:

Cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.
Cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and the normal alleles.

Cells that are homozygous for the mutant allele do not take up S. typhi; therefore, those cells were not chosen. A bar graph was drawn with three strains of S. typhi on the X-axis, and the number of bacteria internalized by both types of cells in the Y-axis.

Approximately, 600,000 S. typhi entered the normal cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.

Approximately, 80,000 S. typhi entered the mutated cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and normal alleles.

Therefore, the number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells than heterozygous cells can be calculated as follows:

Number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells=60000080000=7.5

Conclusion

Therefore, about 7.5 times more S. typhi entered the normal cells.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To explain: The number of Ty2 strain of Salmonella typhi that was able to enter normal cells than cells heterozygous for the ΔF508 allele.

Introduction: An allele is the modification of the gene. Salmonella typhi is the causative bacteria of typhoid. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused due to the inability of the cell to perform endocytosis due to a mutation in the CFTR gene. Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Endocytosis is a phenomenon where the cell takes up molecules by engulfing with its membrane. The S. typhi exploits this mechanism to infect the intestinal cell and causes diarrhea. The cells that are homozygous for this CFTR mutation cannot perform endocytosis, and the S. typhi cannot infect those individuals.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Scientist G along with his colleagues studied the uptake of S. typhi by two types of epithelial cells:

Cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.
Cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and the normal alleles.

Cells that are homozygous for the mutant allele do not take up S. typhi; therefore, those cells were not chosen. A bar graph was drawn with three strains of S. typhi on the X-axis, and the number of bacteria internalized by both types of cells in the Y-axis.

Approximately, 600,000 S. typhi entered the normal cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.

Approximately, 80,000 S. typhi entered the mutated cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and normal alleles.

Therefore, the number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells than heterozygous cells can be calculated as follows:

Number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells=60000080000=7.5

Conclusion

Therefore, about 7.5 times more S. typhi entered the normal cells.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To explain: The number of Ty2 strain of Salmonella typhi that was able to enter normal cells than cells heterozygous for the ΔF508 allele.

Introduction: An allele is the modification of the gene. Salmonella typhi is the causative bacteria of typhoid. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused due to the inability of the cell to perform endocytosis due to a mutation in the CFTR gene. Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Endocytosis is a phenomenon where the cell takes up molecules by engulfing with its membrane. The S. typhi exploits this mechanism to infect the intestinal cell and causes diarrhea. The cells that are homozygous for this CFTR mutation cannot perform endocytosis, and the S. typhi cannot infect those individuals.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Scientist G along with his colleagues studied the uptake of S. typhi by two types of epithelial cells:

Cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.
Cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and the normal alleles.

Cells that are homozygous for the mutant allele do not take up S. typhi; therefore, those cells were not chosen. A bar graph was drawn with three strains of S. typhi on the X-axis, and the number of bacteria internalized by both types of cells in the Y-axis.

Approximately, 600,000 S. typhi entered the normal cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.

Approximately, 80,000 S. typhi entered the mutated cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and normal alleles.

Therefore, the number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells than heterozygous cells can be calculated as follows:

Number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells=60000080000=7.5

Conclusion

Therefore, about 7.5 times more S. typhi entered the normal cells.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To explain: The number of Ty2 strain of Salmonella typhi that was able to enter normal cells than cells heterozygous for the ΔF508 allele.

Introduction: An allele is the modification of the gene. Salmonella typhi is the causative bacteria of typhoid. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused due to the inability of the cell to perform endocytosis due to a mutation in the CFTR gene. Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Endocytosis is a phenomenon where the cell takes up molecules by engulfing with its membrane. The S. typhi exploits this mechanism to infect the intestinal cell and causes diarrhea. The cells that are homozygous for this CFTR mutation cannot perform endocytosis, and the S. typhi cannot infect those individuals.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Scientist G along with his colleagues studied the uptake of S. typhi by two types of epithelial cells:

Cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.
Cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and the normal alleles.

Cells that are homozygous for the mutant allele do not take up S. typhi; therefore, those cells were not chosen. A bar graph was drawn with three strains of S. typhi on the X-axis, and the number of bacteria internalized by both types of cells in the Y-axis.

Approximately, 600,000 S. typhi entered the normal cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.

Approximately, 80,000 S. typhi entered the mutated cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and normal alleles.

Therefore, the number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells than heterozygous cells can be calculated as follows:

Number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells=60000080000=7.5

Conclusion

Therefore, about 7.5 times more S. typhi entered the normal cells.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To explain: The number of Ty2 strain of Salmonella typhi that was able to enter normal cells than cells heterozygous for the ΔF508 allele.

Introduction: An allele is the modification of the gene. Salmonella typhi is the causative bacteria of typhoid. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused due to the inability of the cell to perform endocytosis due to a mutation in the CFTR gene. Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Endocytosis is a phenomenon where the cell takes up molecules by engulfing with its membrane. The S. typhi exploits this mechanism to infect the intestinal cell and causes diarrhea. The cells that are homozygous for this CFTR mutation cannot perform endocytosis, and the S. typhi cannot infect those individuals.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Scientist G along with his colleagues studied the uptake of S. typhi by two types of epithelial cells:

Cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.
Cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and the normal alleles.

Cells that are homozygous for the mutant allele do not take up S. typhi; therefore, those cells were not chosen. A bar graph was drawn with three strains of S. typhi on the X-axis, and the number of bacteria internalized by both types of cells in the Y-axis.

Approximately, 600,000 S. typhi entered the normal cells that are homozygous for the normal alleles.

Approximately, 80,000 S. typhi entered the mutated cells that are heterozygous for ΔF508 allele associated with CF and normal alleles.

Therefore, the number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells than heterozygous cells can be calculated as follows:

Number of times more S. typhi entered normal cells=60000080000=7.5