CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-TEXT,AP ED.
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780136811206
Author: Urry
Publisher: SAVVAS L
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Chapter 14, Problem 11TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The evolutionary pattern regarding the coding of most amino acids by a set of similar codons.
Introduction:
The unit of genetic code, which has three
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Use this mRNA coding sequence as your starting point. This sequence begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon, so it is only looking at the region of DNA that directly encodes a protein sequence.
5’-AUGCACAAAUUAGAGUACCCCCCAGGAAGGUAG-3’
Make the following mutation in this sequence by changing/adding/removing only one nucleotide. Make the mutation easy to see (a different color, circled, something like that)
A frameshift mutation
Use this mRNA coding sequence as your starting point. This sequence begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon, so it is only looking at the region of DNA that directly encodes a protein sequence.
5’-AUGCACAAAUUAGAGUACCCCCCAGGAAGGUAG-3’
Make the following mutation in this sequence by changing/adding/removing only one nucleotide. Make the mutation easy to see (a different color, circled, something like that)
A nonsense mutation
Use this mRNA coding sequence as your starting point. This sequence begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon, so it is only looking at the region of DNA that directly encodes a protein sequence.
5’-AUGCACAAAUUAGAGUACCCCCCAGGAAGGUAG-3’
Make the following mutation in this sequence by changing/adding/removing only one nucleotide. Make the mutation easy to see (a different color, circled, something like that)
1) A silent mutation that is also a transition
Chapter 14 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-TEXT,AP ED.
Ch. 14.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research article about...Ch. 14.1 - What polypeptide product would you expect from a...Ch. 14.1 - DRAW IT The template strand of a gene contains the...Ch. 14.2 - What is a promoter? Is it located at the upstream...Ch. 14.2 - What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing...Ch. 14.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change...Ch. 14.3 - Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how...Ch. 14.3 - How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch...Ch. 14.3 - WHAT IF? What would be the effect of treating...Ch. 14.4 - What two processes ensure that the correct amino...
Ch. 14.4 - Discuss the ways in which rRNA structure likely...Ch. 14.4 - Describe how a polypeptide to be secreted is...Ch. 14.4 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT Draw a tRNA with the anticodon...Ch. 14.5 - What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14.5 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT The template strand of a gene...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 14 - The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is A....Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 14 - Which component is not directly involved in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 14 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Knowing that the genetic code...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 14 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION Evolution accounts for the...Ch. 14 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Some mutations result in...
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- EVOLUTION CONNECTION Most amino acids are coded forby a set of similar codons (see Figure 17.6). Propose at least oneevolutionary explanation to account for this pattern.arrow_forwardThe following DNA sequence corresponds to the two extreme ends of a gene's coding region: 10 5' ATG-GAA-CCG Each codon is separated by a dash and the middle of the gene is represented by "...". Refer to the codon table to answer each question. First position (5' end) U 13 C #t A U UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG Phe Leu Leu AUU AUC lle AUA CAG-TGA 3' * $ UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ully understand the concept covered in this question? ACU ACC ACA 15 Second position C A U ( 49 Ser U Pro Thr 16 UAU UAC UAA stop UAG stop 4- CAU CAC CAA CAG AAU AAC AAA It's Muddy Tyr 17 His Gln Asn Glu Q Search S It's Clear J+ & UGU U UGC C UGA stop A UGG Trp G CGU CGC CGA CGG AGU AGC AGA G LC 18 N Cys Arg Ser * fg U C A G hp U C A a DII Third position (3' end) ✓ Submit Answer C f10 ( O □arrow_forwardIn this sequence there are two introns and three exons. Exon 1 has 3 amino acids, exon 2 has 4 amino acids and exon 3 has 3 amino acids. Remember start and stop codons! Highlight the introns and number the exons. Show the start codon and stop codon and highlight and number the exons. Remember all introns start with GT and end with AG. 5' - ATG GGG CCC GTT TTC AAT ATG CAG GTC CAT CCG TAC GTA CAG GCC GGA ATT TGA - 3' (a) How many base pairs are in intron 1 and intron 2?arrow_forward
- . The genetic code is thought to have evolved to maximize genetic stability by minimizing the effect on protein function of most substitution muta- tions (single-base changes). We will use the six arginine codons to test this idea. Consider all of the substitutions that could affect all of the six arginine codons. (a) How many total mutations are possible? (b) How many of these mutations are "silent," in the sense that the mutant codon is changed to another Arg codon? (c) How many of these mutations are conservative, in the sense that an Arg codon is changed to a functionally similar Lys codon?arrow_forwardBelow is a sequence of DNA.5'-ttaccgataattctctctcccctcttccatgattctgattaaagaaggcgagaacgaaactatttgttaatacc-3' How many "reading frames" can be identified for this sequence? How many "open reading frames" can be identified for this sequence? What is the frame of the longest ORF? How many codons are in the longest ORF? What is the frame of the shortest ORF? How many AA are in the shortest ORF? Using the one letter code for Amino Acids, what is the predicted AA sequence of the shortestORF (from N to C-terminal end)? Using the one letter code for Amino Acids, what is the predicted AA sequence of the longestORF (from N to C-terminal end)?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true? Each stop codon also codes for an amino acid Each codon in mRNA codes for exactly one amino acid The start codon also codes for an amino acid Each TRNA will base pair with only one codon There are multiple codons possible for nearly all amino acids Each TRNA carries exactly one type of amino acid Each anticodon in tRNA pairs with exactly one codon Each codon in TRNA codes for exactly one amino acidarrow_forward
- Why are 3 nucleotides needed for a codon? Because one nucleotide is redundant Because there are 3 different aminoacetyl TRNA synthetase enzymes Because there are 64 amino acids to code for, and 4X4X4 = 64 Because there are 20 amino acids, 3 nucleotides provides enough combinations to code for 20 amino acidsarrow_forwardTaking start and stop codon into consideration, if we have an mRNA sequence with 30 nucleotides, how many amino acids would be found in the resulting polypeptide (protein chain)? Why?arrow_forwardA small section of MRNA codons has the following sequence: UGU GGU CAA CCG Some Amino Acids 1. Valine 2. Serine 3. Proline 4. Glycine 5. Arginine 6. Leucine 7. Histidine 8. Cysteine 9. Glutamine The amino acids listed above that are coded by the MRNA codons are , and Record your answer in order from left to right codons.arrow_forward
- A gene affecting the behavioral outlook of individuals was discovered in several humans who can overcome anxiety caused by life's problems. Part of the gene that į translated into protein has a sequence 3'-GGATCCCGAATGTAATGCGTGCTC AATGGTAGTACGGC-5'. 1. What is the complementary strand of the DNA? 2. What is the sequence of the MRNA product after translation? 3. What is the sequence of the peptide encoded by the portion of the gene? (Use one letter symbol of amino acids)arrow_forwardHere is our DNA sequence: T-A-C-A-T-G-T-T-T-A-G-G-T-C-C-A-C-C-C-G-T-G-G-G-A-C-T Write the RNA sequence below as codons (separated by hyphens). What is your amino acid sequence? The codon table with amino acid sequence is section 6.7 of your textbook. (Separate the amino acids by hyphens.) Again, be sure to note the start and stop codons. What is the name of the process of creating an amino acid sequence from RNA? What would happen if, in the middle of your gene sequence, the DNA was transcribed into the letters UAA on the mRNA strand? What effect might this have on the gene/trait? Using the DNA strand (in the box below), provide the complement which would be made through DNA replication. T-A-C-A-T-G-T-T-T-A-G-G-T-C-C-A-C-C-C-G-T-G-G-G-A-C-T Where does each of the following processes occur within the cell? Transcription: Translation: DNA Replication:arrow_forwardWhich of the lettered arrows in the diagram of translation indicates an amino acid? A/G|G A AUGGG A Carrow_forward
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