Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433776
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14, Problem 12TYU
FOCUS ON INFORMATION
Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life, and the continuity of life is based on her table information in the form of DNA. In a short essay (100‒150 words), discuss how the fidelity with which DNA is inherited is related to the processes of evolution. (Review the discussion of proofreading and DNA repair in Concept 13.2)
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Junk DNA — Not So Useless After All
https://healthland.time.com/2012/09/06/junk-dna-not-so-useless-after-all/
(Claim) Summarize scientist's error in naming noncoding DNA "junk" DNA. (Evidence) Is the amount of DNA an organism has correlated to intelligence or complexity? (Reasoning) What are two discovered uses of noncoding DNA (introns)?
Background: DNA nucleotides (i.e A, T, G, and C) are naturally found in a paired, or bonded, arrangement
(i.e. the double helix) within the nucleus of every cell. This structure makes the process of replication that
occurs prior to mitosis and meiosis very reliable. The purpose of DNA, though, is not simply to make copies of
itself, but to provide a set of instructions for the synthesis or "construction" of biomolecules, such as proteins.
Why is transcription (i.e. the formation of an RNA copy of a given gene) a necessary step in the
"construction" process highlighted above? What is the cell looking to ultimately do with this RNA
information?
Concept 23. A gene is a discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides.
This concept describes the discovery of the DNA sequencing technique that made modern biology and bioinformatics possible. The method was later used to sequence the human genome and genomes of many other organisms. This led to the accumulation of great numbers of nucleotide and protein sequences in the numerous databases.
The concept 23 web page is here: http://www.dnaftb.org/23/
After reading the Concept page, answer the following questions.
What was the Mendel’s definition of a gene? How was it different from the definition by Beadle and Tatum?
Describe proteins based on the early sequencing efforts.
What was the definition of a protein coding gene based on the genetic code?
What are the beginning and ending codons of the gene’s protein coding sequence?
What is the name of the method that makes use of a “defective” DNA nucleotide?
After reviewing the Animation pages, answer the following…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research article about...Ch. 14.1 - What polypeptide product would you expect from a...Ch. 14.1 - DRAW IT The template strand of a gene contains the...Ch. 14.2 - What is a promoter? Is it located at the upstream...Ch. 14.2 - What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing...Ch. 14.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change...Ch. 14.3 - Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how...Ch. 14.3 - How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch...Ch. 14.3 - WHAT IF? What would be the effect of treating...Ch. 14.4 - What two processes ensure that the correct amino...
Ch. 14.4 - Discuss the ways in which rRNA structure likely...Ch. 14.4 - Describe how a polypeptide to be secreted is...Ch. 14.4 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT Draw a tRNA with the anticodon...Ch. 14.5 - What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14.5 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT The template strand of a gene...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 14 - The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is A....Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 14 - Which component is not directly involved in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 14 - Fill in the following table: Type of RNA Functions...Ch. 14 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Knowing that the genetic code...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 14 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION Evolution accounts for the...Ch. 14 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Some mutations result in...
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- Discuss Concepts A forensic scientist obtained a small DNA sample from a crime scene. In order to examine the sample, he increased its quantity by cycling the sample through the polymerase chain reaction. He estimated that there were 50,000 copies of the DNA in his original sample. Derive a simple formula and calculate the number of copies he will have after15 cycles of the PCR.arrow_forwardAKS 5b: Which statement is correct regarding the semiconservative nature of DNA? * The semiconservative nature of DNA allows for genetic stability in somatic gene production MRNA operates as a template to allow DNA to replicate itself using ribosomes The structure of the phosphate group on the DNA molecule direct the correct nucleotides into place during replication Nucleotides in each original strand serve as a template for the new strand to be made AKS 5b: Which model accurately represents the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication? * * AA AA AA AA АВ ВА AA BB AA AA АВ АС Figure A Figure B Figure C Figure Darrow_forwardIn relation to central dogma of molecular biology answer the following questions: A- Give two reasons why the DNA replication is asymmetrical process (i.e. the DNA replication outcome is different between the leading and lagging strands)? B-The following segment of DNA is part of the transcription unit of a gene. You know already that RNA polymerase moves in a specific direction along this piece of DNA to convert one of the DNA strands into a single strand RNA transcript so that this entire region of DNA is made into RNA. 5′-GGCATGGCAATATTGTAGTA-3′ 3′-CCGTACCGTTATAACATCAT-5′ Given this information, a student claims that the RNA produced from this DNA is: 3′-GGCATGGCAATATTGTAGTA-5′ Give two reasons why this answer is incorrect. C- Imagine that the mRNA codons consisted of only two nucleotides instead of three nucleotides. Would there be a sufficient number of codons for all twenty amino acids? Explain your answer. D- The length of a particular gene in human DNA,…arrow_forward
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- DNA Olympics (warm up) Name Caitlin MYers Period DIRECTIONS: Complete each of the following “events" in their proper order. In the first event, you must transcribe the proper RNA sequence from the DNA sequence provided. In the next event, you must translate the RNA strand that you have just created and use it to create the proper string of AMINO ACIDS and, eventually, the proper PROTEIN'. When your protein is completed, the final event is to match your protein with its proper trait (ex: tongue rolling). 1. A TGCATGCGCGACTG GGG TC GGAGTGGarrow_forwardcytosine In DNA, guanine always forms hydrogen bonds with The process of eplication produces a new copy of an organism's genetic information, which is pass What is the first step in the process of DNA replication? Unzip the DNA Which enzyme is responsible for "unzipping" the DNA double helix? helicase Which enzyme is responsible for assembling the DNA during replication? DNA polymerase Why is DNA replication important to the growth and development of a multi-cellular organism? Because the daughter cells need a complete set of DNA Write the complementary bases of the strand below according to the base-pair rule. ATCCAGTAG GAC TAGGICATCCTG Writing a Full Strand: 1. A. Original DNA: Complementary DNA: CCT ATA TCT CTC TAT ATC TCT CAT ACT GTG TGT CTC TAT B. Make identical strands of DNA CCT ATA TCT CTC TAT ATC TCT CAT ACT GTG TGT CTC TAT (original) (new) A. Original DNA: Complementary DNA: (new) (complementary from 1A) CCG GAT TTT AAT TAG CTA CTA TCG TAC TAC GTT GGT GCT B. Make identical…arrow_forwardMutations occur randomly during the process of gene expression or by exposure to mutagens. While some mutations are detrimental, others can create proteins that have positive capabilities. In order for a mutation to be passed to future generations, what must be true about the mutation? * O It must occur during the first stage of DNA replication. O It must result in a longer polypeptide chain than normal. O It must be exposed to extensive radiation. O It must occur in cells that give rise to gametes.arrow_forward
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