Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433776
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14.2, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change in the TATA box of a particular gene's promoter. How would that affect transcription of the gene? (See Figure 14.9)
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. Discuss how mutations may arise in DNA, and the potential consequences for gene function if a point mutation were to occur in (a) the coding region of a gene, and (b) the non-coding regulatory region of a gene.
E27. A cloned gene fragment contains a regulatory element that is recog-
nized by a regulatory transcription factor. Previous experiments have
shown that the presence of a hormone results in transcriptional acti-
vation by this transcription factor. To study this effect, you conduct a
electrophoretic mobility shift assay and obtain the following results:
Tube:
1
2
3
Transcription
factor:
Hormone:
Explain the action of the hormone.
4e. You also study the expression of 3 different mutants for this gene. For each mutant answer the
following:
Does this mutation change the sequence of the protein produced? Why or why not?
If it does change the sequence of protein be sure to write out the new sequence.
If it does not change the protein sequence, what effect (if any) would you expect it
to have on expression of the gene?
1
20
ORI
40
60
5'...TTCGAGCTCTCGTCGTCGAGATACGCGATGATATTACTGGTAATATGGGGATGCACTATC...3'
3' ...AAGCTCGAGAGCAGCAGCTCTATGCGCTACTATAATGACCATTATACCCCTACGTGATAG...5'
*
promoter
Chapter 14 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research article about...Ch. 14.1 - What polypeptide product would you expect from a...Ch. 14.1 - DRAW IT The template strand of a gene contains the...Ch. 14.2 - What is a promoter? Is it located at the upstream...Ch. 14.2 - What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing...Ch. 14.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change...Ch. 14.3 - Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how...Ch. 14.3 - How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch...Ch. 14.3 - WHAT IF? What would be the effect of treating...Ch. 14.4 - What two processes ensure that the correct amino...
Ch. 14.4 - Discuss the ways in which rRNA structure likely...Ch. 14.4 - Describe how a polypeptide to be secreted is...Ch. 14.4 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT Draw a tRNA with the anticodon...Ch. 14.5 - What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14.5 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT The template strand of a gene...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 14 - The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is A....Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 14 - Which component is not directly involved in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 14 - Fill in the following table: Type of RNA Functions...Ch. 14 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Knowing that the genetic code...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 14 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION Evolution accounts for the...Ch. 14 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Some mutations result in...
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- . Let’s say that you have incredible skill and can isolate the white and red patches of tissue from the Drosophila eyes shown in Figure 12-24 in order to isolate mRNA from each tissue preparation. Using your knowledge of DNA techniques from Chapter 10, design an experiment that would allow you to determine whether RNA is transcribed from the white gene in the red tissue or the whitetissue or both. If you need it, you have access to radioactive white-gene DNAarrow_forward4e. You also study the expression of 3 different mutants for this gene. For each mutant answer the following: Does this mutation change the sequence of the protein produced? Why or why not? If it does change the sequence of protein be sure to write out the new sequence. If it does not change the protein sequence, what effect (if any) would you expect it to have on expression of the gene? 1 20 ORI 40 60 5'..TTCGAGCTCTCGTCGTCGAGATACGCGATGATATTACTGGTAATATGGGGATGCACTATC...3’ 3'...AAGCTCGAGAGCAGCAGCTCTATGCGCTACTATAATGACCATTATACCCCTACGTGATAG...5’ promoter i. Mutant A has a single base pair substitution with the T/A being replaced with C/G base pair at position 35 (position denoted by the * in the sequence above). ii. Mutant B has a 2 G/C pairs inserted between position 19 and 20 (position denoted by the ^ in the sequence above).arrow_forwardQuestion:- Describe what a core promoter in and the different types. Describe the motifs that could be found in a core promoter and their proposed function?arrow_forward
- Exploring Further: The table below outlines the stpes in eukaryotic gene expressions. Briefly summarize each steps given. Gene Expression Steps Molecules Involved Summary What molecules and proteins are What happens during this involved in this steps? step? Transcription RNA Splicing MRNA Transport Translation Protein Processingarrow_forward-If the first G get deleted what kind of mutation will happen? Show the change in amino acid sequence. deletion lead to change in reading frame (triplet grouping) of the mRNA, so that nucleotides are grouped into different codons, lead to significant changes in amino acid sequence downstream of the mutation. TACCTA-CACACATGTAGGTGGGCAAAGTT -Multiple mechanisms regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. What are the mechanisms that control the gene expression in nucleus and what are the mechanisms that control the gene expression in cytoplasm. (names not definitions)arrow_forward. The tac promoter, an artificial promoter made from a chemically syn- thesized oligonucleotide, has been introduced into a plasmid. It is a hybrid of the lac and trp promoters, containing the – 35 region of one and the – 10 region of the other. This promoter directs transcription initiation more efficiently than either the trp or lac promoters. Why?arrow_forward
- E22. The method of Northern blotting is used to determine the amount and size of a particular RNA transcribed in a given cell type. Alternative splicing (discussed in Chapter 12) produces mRNAs of different lengths from the same gene. The Northern blot shown here was made using a DNA probe that is complementary to the MRNA encoded by a particular gene. The mRNA in lanes 1 through 4 was isolated from different cell types, and equal amounts of total cellular MRNA were added to each lane. 2 3 4 Lane 1: MRNA isolated from nerve cells Lane 2: MRNA isolated from kidney cells Lane 3: MRNA isolated from spleen cells Lane 4: MRNA isolated from muscle cells Explain these results. | |arrow_forward. One way to determine where inside a cell a protein(protein X) normally localizes is to generate a reportergene construct containing: (i) the gene X regulatoryregion and coding sequences, and (ii) coding sequencesfor GFP fused in frame to the 3′ end of the gene Xcoding sequences just before the stop codon. A mousecontaining such a transgene will express a hybrid protein X-GFP only in those cells in which gene X is normally expressed.a. The gene X-GFP fusion gene described could begenerated by knocking in GFP coding sequencesinstead of by random insertion of a transgene.Diagram the knockin construct you could use forthis purpose.b. What might the advantage be of the knockin strategy versus the transgene strategy?arrow_forward. What is an enhanceosome? Why could a mutation in anyone of the enhanceosome proteins severely reduce thetranscription rate?arrow_forward
- . One mechanism by which antisense RNAs act as negative regulators of gene expression is by base pairingwith the ribosome binding site on the sense mRNA toblock translation. In a second, alternative mechanism,the act of transcribing an antisense RNA can somehow prevent RNA polymerase from recognizing thesense promoter for the same gene. Design an experimental approach that would enable you to distinguishbetween these two modes of action at a specific gene.(Hint: What would be the outcome in each case ifhigh levels of the antisense RNA were transcribedfrom a gene on a plasmid?)arrow_forwardQ. Deletion of a single AT base pair from codon number 4 can cause a frameshift mutation in a protein-coding gene. Which of the following additional mutations will restore the reading frame back to “normal” such that the original stop codon will still function? (Note that the amino acid sequence will not necessarily be restored back to normal). Adding a base pair into each of the next two codons. Adding a GC base pair back in where the AT pair was deleted. Adding one base to the next codon and deleting one base from the one after that. Deleting a base pair from each of the next two codons. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correctarrow_forwardQ. Which of the following describes the role of acetylation during the chromatin remodeling that accompanies gene expression? A. It adds an acetyl group to the DNA of a promoter sequence. B. It adds an acetyl group to the histone protecting the promoter region of a gene. C. It adds an acetyl group to the cyotsine nucleotides of DNA. D. It adds an acetyl group to the histone protecting the transcription unit of a gene.arrow_forward
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