Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433776
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 9TYU
Fill in the following table:
| Type of RNA | Functions |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | |
| Plays catalytic (ribozyme) roles and structural roles in ribosomes | |
| Primary transcript | |
| Small RNAs mi the spliceosome |
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Students have asked these similar questions
At least three types of RNA are required for protein synthesis. Compare and contrast mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA by moving the
descriptions of their structure and function to the appropriate categories. Some phrases may describe all three types of RNA.
mRNA
in eukaryotes, can exist outside the nucleus
acts as an enzyme for peptide synthesis
composed of ribonucleic acid
rRNA
Answer Bank
moves amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
tRNA
contains nucleotide triplets that code for specific amino acids
has a convoluted structure with a three-base sequence called an anticodon
moves genetic information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
The ribosome in the diagram is in the process of synthesizing a protein using directions transcribed from the DNA. Use the
labels to identify each of the structures involved in translation and protein synthesis.
anticodon
protein chain
88
amino acid
Answer Bank
codon
ribosome
WO
1
messenger RNA
transfer RNA
Complete the following table:
Type of RNA
Functions
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
In a ribosome, plays a structural role;as a ribozyme, plays a catalytic role(catalyzes peptide bond formation)
Primary transcript
Small RNAs in the spliceosome
Chapter 14 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research article about...Ch. 14.1 - What polypeptide product would you expect from a...Ch. 14.1 - DRAW IT The template strand of a gene contains the...Ch. 14.2 - What is a promoter? Is it located at the upstream...Ch. 14.2 - What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing...Ch. 14.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change...Ch. 14.3 - Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how...Ch. 14.3 - How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch...Ch. 14.3 - WHAT IF? What would be the effect of treating...Ch. 14.4 - What two processes ensure that the correct amino...
Ch. 14.4 - Discuss the ways in which rRNA structure likely...Ch. 14.4 - Describe how a polypeptide to be secreted is...Ch. 14.4 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT Draw a tRNA with the anticodon...Ch. 14.5 - What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14.5 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT The template strand of a gene...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 14 - The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is A....Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 14 - Which component is not directly involved in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 14 - Fill in the following table: Type of RNA Functions...Ch. 14 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Knowing that the genetic code...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 14 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION Evolution accounts for the...Ch. 14 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Some mutations result in...
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- The genetic code is made of 3 RNA nucleotides read 3'-->5' 3 RNA nucleotides read 5'-->3' 3 DNA nucleotides read 3'-->5' 3 DNA nucleotides read 5->3' An anticodon read by the ribosome The special shape of the Ribosome P-site The special shape of the Ribosome A-site A protein release factor that binds the start codonarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a ribonucleoprotein (protein-RNA complex)? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b C d e mRNA exiting through a nuclear pore RNA polymerase II the ribosome telomerase signal recognition particlearrow_forwardWhich of the following sentences is INCORRECT: The aminoacyl tRNA synthetase charge the tRNA molecules with the correct amino acid The TRNA is loaded onto the ribosome and is read the nucleotides Proteins are synthesized from N- terminus to C-terminus O Anticodon located on a RNA molecules is responsible for identifying, processing, and packaging macromolecules. Golgi apprataus SER nucleus RERarrow_forward
- Which of the following is the first step of translation in a eukaryotic cell? O a RNA containing activated methionine binds to AUG of the messenger RNA the ribosome reaches a stop codon the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the 5' cap of mRNA O binding of the larger ribosomal subunit to smaller ribosomal subunitsarrow_forwardpolypeptide chains Which of the following statements is/are correct? Please make sure to sel correct answer options. Letter E is near the C-terminal end of the protein Letter B represents the 5' end of the mRNA Letter D represents the ribosome that near the end of translation as cor to the other three ribosomes shown in the figure. This process is happening in an eukaryotic cell. O Letter C represents represents charged tRNA Letter A represents the 3' end of the template DNA strand. Letter A represents the 5' end of the template DNA strand. This process is happening in a prokaryotic cell.arrow_forwardTable 8.2: Transcription and translation of the first 7 codons in the B-globin chain of hemoglobin. Normal Sequence Mutated Sequence DNA DNA amino acid DNA DNA amino Codon MRNA Codon MRNA coding template strand coding template strand strand acid code code strand sequence sequence G 1 1 G G C 2 A 2 A 3 G G A A 4 4 C G A G G G G 7 A 7 A G G Shape of RBC Shape of RBC 23 3.arrow_forward
- Indicate which of the following items are associated with transcription or translation. This could be in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, or both. Group of answer choices: Translation OR Transcription Sigma binds to the promoter mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit Spliceosomes remove introns and splice together exons Nucleotides are added from the 5' to 3' end tRNA anticodon binds to the corresponding mRNA codon STOP codon results in terminationarrow_forwardCompare and contrast spliceosomes and ribosomes. Match each description to the correct structure. Spliceosomes produces mature mRNA Ribosomes Why might spliceosomes and ribosomes be so similar? Answer Bank composed of RNA and protein components has catalytic RNA Both catalyzes peptide bond formation Spliceosomes and ribosomes perform the same catalytic reaction. Both spliceosomes and ribosomes bind to RNA molecules at the same sequences. The catalytic RNAs of both are thought to have originated when RNA molecules served to store information and catalyze reactions. These structures were both obtained by eukaryotes through the process of horizontal gene transfer.arrow_forwardMatch each term with the most appropriate description. sites for polypeptide assembly binds to ribosomes to begin translation a tRNA triplet complementary to a mRNA codon complex with proteins to form ribosomesarrow_forward
- Why do prokaryotic organisms translate mRNA molecules while being transcribed? Group of answer choices Prokaryotes lack nuclear membranes to separate DNA and mRNA from protein-synthesizing equipment. Prokaryotes use reverse transcriptase to simultaneously translate and transcribe mRNA. Prokaryotes use pre-mRNA to translate, while transcription occurs within the cell. Prokaryotes have functional mRNA that yields portions of the transcribed mRNA into the cytoplasm to allow for translation to occur.arrow_forwardFill in the blanks of the sentence(s) below. The addition of amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain occurs by a new TRNA with amino acid moving into the site of the ribosome. a ribozyme breaks the growing polypeptide off the TRNA in the the ribosome and adds it to the amino acid on the tRNA in the site of site. The whole ribosome then moves Process continues until a stop codon is reached. Select one: a. P site, peptidyl transferase, A site, P site, one codon down (translocation) b. A site, peptidyl transferase, P site, A site, one codon down (translocation) C. A site, peptidyl transferase, P site, E site, three codon down (translocation) d. A site, amino acyl TRNA synthetase, P site, A site, one codon down (translocation)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the splicesome is correct? The spliceosome controls the translation process, ensuring that only exons are translated. O The spliceosome removes introns into mRNA sequences before translation. O The spliceosome inhibits transcription of noncoding DNA regions. The spliceosome contains both protein and a functional type of RNA known as SİRNAarrow_forward
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