(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the molecule dimethylacetylene,
Concept introduction:
Nonlinear molecules can rotate in three independent and mutually perpendicular directions. It is not necessary that the rotation in one dimension is equivalent to rotations in the other two directions. The moment of inertia for each dimension of each rotation is usually different. If a molecule has three different moments of inertia, it is called an asymmetric top molecule. If a molecule has two of its three moments of inertia equal, it is called symmetric top molecule. If the two equal moments of inertia are lower than the unique moment of inertia, then the molecule is called oblate tops. If the two equal moments of inertia are higher than the unique moment of inertia, then the molecule is called prolate tops. For linear molecule, the moment of inertia along the molecular axis is zero. Spherical top molecules have no net dipole moment or net dipole moment is equal to zero.
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the molecule sulfur hexafluoride,
Concept introduction:
Nonlinear molecules can rotate in three independent and mutually perpendicular directions. It is not necessary that the rotation in one dimension is equivalent to rotations in the other two directions. The moment of inertia for each dimension of each rotation is usually different. If a molecule has three different moments of inertia, it is called an asymmetric top molecule. If a molecule has two of its three moments of inertia equal, it is called symmetric top molecule. If the two equal moments of inertia are lower than the unique moment of inertia, then the molecule is called oblate tops. If the two equal moments of inertia are higher than the unique moment of inertia, then the molecule is called prolate tops. For linear molecule the moment of inertia along the molecular axis is zero. Spherical top molecules have no net dipole moment or net dipole moment is equal to zero.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the molecule phosphate ion,
Concept introduction:
Nonlinear molecules can rotate in three independent and mutually perpendicular directions. It is not necessary that the rotation in one dimension is equivalent to rotations in the other two directions. The moment of inertia for each dimension of each rotation is usually different. If a molecule has three different moments of inertia, it is called an asymmetric top molecule. If a molecule has two of its three moments of inertia equal, it is called symmetric top molecule. If the two equal moments of inertia are lower than the unique moment of inertia, then the molecule is called oblate tops. If the two equal moments of inertia are higher than the unique moment of inertia, then the molecule is called prolate tops. For linear molecule the moment of inertia along the molecular axis is zero. Spherical top molecules have no net dipole moment or net dipole moment is equal to zero.
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether the molecule glycine,
Concept introduction:
Nonlinear molecules can rotate in three independent and mutually perpendicular directions. It is not necessary that the rotation in one dimension is equivalent to rotations in the other two directions. The moment of inertia for each dimension of each rotation is usually different. If a molecule has three different moments of inertia, it is called an asymmetric top molecule. If a molecule has two of its three moments of inertia equal, it is called symmetric top molecule. If the two equal moments of inertia are lower than the unique moment of inertia, then the molecule is called oblate tops. If the two equal moments of inertia are higher than the unique moment of inertia, then the molecule is called prolate tops. For linear molecule the moment of inertia along the molecular axis is zero. Spherical top molecules have no net dipole moment or net dipole moment is equal to zero.
(e)
Interpretation:
Whether the molecule cis
Concept introduction:
Nonlinear molecules can rotate in three independent and mutually perpendicular directions. It is not necessary that the rotation in one dimension is equivalent to rotations in the other two directions. The moment of inertia for each dimension of each rotation is usually different. If a molecule has three different moments of inertia, it is called an asymmetric top molecule. If a molecule has two of its three moments of inertia equal, it is called symmetric top molecule. If the two equal moments of inertia are lower than the unique moment of inertia, then the molecule is called oblate tops. If the two equal moments of inertia are higher than the unique moment of inertia, then the molecule is called prolate tops. For linear molecule the moment of inertia along the molecular axis is zero. Spherical top molecules have no net dipole moment or net dipole moment is equal to zero.
(f)
Interpretation:
Whether the molecule trans
Concept introduction:
Nonlinear molecules can rotate in three independent and mutually perpendicular directions. It is not necessary that the rotation in one dimension is equivalent to rotations in the other two directions. The moment of inertia for each dimension of each rotation is usually different. If a molecule has three different moments of inertia, it is called an asymmetric top molecule. If a molecule has two of its three moments of inertia equal, it is called symmetric top molecule. If the two equal moments of inertia are lower than the unique moment of inertia, then the molecule is called oblate tops. If the two equal moments of inertia are higher than the unique moment of inertia, then the molecule is called prolate tops. For linear molecule the moment of inertia along the molecular axis is zero. Spherical top molecules have no net dipole moment or net dipole moment is equal to zero.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Student Solutions Manual for Ball's Physical Chemistry, 2nd
- Many of the colours of vegetation are due to electronic transit ions in conjugated π-electron systems. In the freeelectron molecular orbital (FEMO) theory. the electrons in a conjugated molecule are treated as independent particles in a box of length L. (a) Sketch the form of the two occupied orbitals in butadiene predicted by this model and predict the minimum excitation energy of the molecule. (b) In many cases. an extra half bond-length is often added at each end of the box. The tetraene CH2=CHCH=CHCH=CHCH=CH2 can therefore be t reated as a box of length 8R. where R = 140 pm. Ca lcu late the minimum excitation energy of the molecule and sketch the HOMO and LUMO.arrow_forwardWrite the va lence bond wavefunction of a P2 molecule. Why is P4 a stable form of molecular phosphorus?arrow_forwardDifferentiate between Uni-molecular and Bi-molecular?arrow_forward
- Estimate the dipole moment of an HCl molecule from theelectronegativities of the elements and express the answer in debyeand coulomb meters (C m).arrow_forwardP10C.8 Consider the molecule F2C=CF2 (point group D2h), and take it as lying in the xy-plane, with x directed along the C–C bond. (a) Consider a basis formed from the four 2pz orbitals from the fluorine atoms: show that the basis spans B1u, B2g, B3g, and Au. (b) By applying the projection formula to one of the 2pz orbitals, generate the SALCs with the indicated symmetries. (c) Repeat the process for a basis formed from four 2px orbitals (the symmetry species will be different from those for 2pz).arrow_forward8) Consider the heteronuclear diatomic molecule, HCl with bonding orbital given by, citation legg W, = 0.205,H +0.98º3p,cI %D ght ventric FULL PRIC where ø is the (normalized) hydrogen 1s orbital and o,, c is the (normalized) chlorine BOG 3pz orbital. Assume that the atomic overlap integral is zero, | WisH W3p.cadt = 0. %3D all space a) Show that the bonding molecular orbital is normalized. Shot 232 PM BOO and B, b) What is the energy of the bonding orbital? Write your answer in terms of a,, ,a,,. T COS which are defined by: АМ Shbt 25PM ght ventric | V1s,H Hw cdt = | 4 1s,H RENT & || all space all space Che pulmc vein | Wis.H HySHdt =a,, and cdt = d3p. 1s, 3 Pz,CI right atriursen Shot 2021-02 5.56 PM pulmonary valve all space all space W étv A APR 4 29 260 Book A DD F11 F10arrow_forward
- What is the speed of a photoelectron ejected from an orbital of ionization energy 12.0 eV by a photon of radiation of wavelength 100 nm?arrow_forward(a) Use the simple one-electron molecular orbital method, including overlap, to calculate the energies of the molecular orbitals of the hydrogen molecule (H2) in terms of α, β and S?arrow_forwardDraw the shape of the PFs molecule and answer the following questions: (i) What is the principal rotation axis of the PFs molecule? (ii) Does the molecule have other rotation axes? If so, what are the other rotation axes of the molecule? (iii) Does the molecule have improper rotation axes? If so, what is the improper rotation axis of the molecule? (iv) Does the molecule have ơ, mirror plane(s)? If so, how many? (v) Does the molecule have ơy mirror plane(s)? If so, how many? (vi) Does the molecule have ơa mirror plane (s)? If so, how many? (vii) What is the point group of the PF, molecule? (viii) What is the order of the point group of the PFs molecule? (ix) Using symmetry criteria, predict if the PFs molecule is polar or non-polar. (x) Using symmetry criteria, predict if the PFs molecule is chiral or non-chiral.arrow_forward
- The molecule shown below is called furan. It is represented in typical shorthand way for organic molecules, with hydrogen atoms not shown.arrow_forwardThe figure shows the molecular structure of allicin, a pungent substance found in garlic that inhibits the growth of bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. H H 1| H 7| || :0: нн H H Analyze this substance by determining the electronic and molecular geometry of each numbered atom. Yegor Larin/Shutterstock; Revell, Introductory Chemistry, 2e, © 2021 W. H. Freeman and Companyarrow_forwardElectronic excitation of a molecule may weaken or strengthen some bonds because bonding and antibonding characteristics differ between the HOMO and the LUMO. For example, a carbon–carbon bond in a linear polyene may have bonding character in the HOMO and antibonding character in the LUMO. Therefore, promotion of an electron from the HOMO to the LUMO weakens this carbon–carbon bond in the excited electronic state, relative to the ground electronic state. Consult Figs. 9E.2 and 9E.4 and discuss in detail any changes in bond order that accompany the π*←π ultraviolet absorptions in butadiene and benzene.arrow_forward
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