Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Given picture represents solutions of three salts
Concept Introduction:
Bronsted-Lowry acid and bases:
The chemical species which is able to donate hydrogen ion to other substance known as B-L acid and the species which is able to accept hydrogen ion from another species known as B-L base.
Strong acid is
(b)
Interpretation:
Given picture represent solutions of three salts
Concept Introduction:
Conjugate acid-base pair:
By gain or loss of
Consider acid
Conjugate base of strong acid is a weak base.
Conjugate acid of strong base is a weak acid.
(c)
Interpretation:
Given picture represent solution of three salts
Concept Introduction:
Base dissociation constant
It is an equilibrium constant which refers the dissociation (ionization) of base.
The value of
Relationship between
Solution has concentration of
(d)
Interpretation:
Given picture represent solutions of three salts
Concept Introduction:
Bronsted-Lowry acid and bases:
The chemical species which is able to donate hydrogen ion to other substance known as B-L acid and the species which is able to accept hydrogen ion from another species known as B-L base.
Strong acid is
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General Chemistry: Atoms First
- when chlorine gas is added to water during the disinfection of drinking water, it hydrolyzes with the water to form HOCL. The disinfection power of the acid HOCL is 88 times better than its conjugate base, OCl-. The pKa for HOCl is 7.5. (a) what percentage of the total disinfection power exists in the acid form at pH of 6?arrow_forwardThe pH value of the 5L aqueous solution prepared with 6.4 grams of a precious strong acid is 2. So what is the molar mass of the acid?arrow_forwardWould you expect Fe2+ to be the stronger Lewis acid? Explain.arrow_forward
- The simplest amino acid is glycine, H2NCH2CO2H. The common feature of amino acids is that they contain the functional groups: an amine group, -NH2, and a carboxylic acid group, -CO2H. An amino acid can function as either an acid or a base. For glycine, the acid strength of the carboxyl group is about the same as that of acetic acid, CH3CO2H, and the base strength of the amino group is slightly greater than that of ammonia, NH3. a. Write the Lewis structures of the ions that form when glycine is dissolved in 1 M HCl and in 1 M KOH. b. Write the Lewis structure of glycine when this amino acid is dissolved in water. (Hint: Consider the relative base strengths of the -NH2 and -CO2- groups.)arrow_forwardThe pH of human blood is steady at a value of approximately 7.4 owing to the following equilibrium reactions: Acids formed during normal cellular respiration react with the HCO3- to form carbonic acid, which is in equilibrium with CO2(aq) and H2O(l). During vigorous exercise, a person’s H2CO3 blood levels were 26.3 mM, whereas his CO2 levels were 1.63 mM. On resting, the H2CO3 levels declined to 24.9 mM. What was the CO2 blood level at rest?arrow_forwardAn episode of CSI: Miami had a deceased victim floating in a swimming pool contaminated with sodium hydroxide. The concentration was high enough to eat through glass. When the CSI guys realized it was alkali (ie., a base) they knew they needed to neutralize it in order to retrieve the body so they sent one of their team to a local store for vinegar. They proceeded to pour vinegar from a couple of gallon jugs into the pool, dropping the pH from 14 to exactly 7.0 all within a few seconds, and without any stirring! The volume of swimming pool is 100,000L. Vinegar is approximately a 1.0 M of acetic acid, HC2H3O2, a monoprotic acid. A pH of 14 is equivalent to 1.0 M solution of sodium hydroxide,NaOH. Using your knowledge of chemistry, comment on whether or not the events described in the episode of CSI: Miami could take placearrow_forward
- As the pKb of a series of weak bases decreases, the strength of their corresponding conjugate acids will: - increase -decreasearrow_forwardDefine pKa for a weak acid. What is the relationshipbetween the value of the pKa and the strength of theacid? Do the same for a weak base.arrow_forward(a) Acid rain is no threat to lakes in areas where the rock is limestone (calcium carbonate), which can neutralize the acid. Wherethe rock is granite, however, no neutralization occurs. How does limestone neutralize acid? (b) Acidic water can be treated withbasic substances to increase the pH, although such a procedure is usually only a temporary cure. Calculate the minimum mass oflime, CaO, needed to adjust the pH of a small lake (V = 4 x 109 L) from 5.0 to 6.5. Why might more lime be needed?arrow_forward
- which of the following weak acids would be the best to use to make buffer solution of pH=7.2?arrow_forwardEstimate the pH of 0.05 M NaCN(aq) at 25°C. Ka(HCN) = 3.4 × 10−9. Write your answer with two decimal placesarrow_forwardThe pH of a solution of 0.63 M pyridine is 9.51, what is the Kb of pyridine? What is the Ka of its conjugate acid?arrow_forward
- Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax