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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structural formula for the given phenol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
When one hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl group in benzene is known as phenol. If the other hydrogen atoms present in phenol are replaced by other atoms or groups are known as phenol derivatives.
Phenol derivative with one substituent:
IUPAC system of naming phenol derivative considers phenol to be a part of main name. The numbering is given in a way that the substituent gets the least numbering possible.
Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2
Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3
Para- means disubstitution in 1,4
In all the above derivatives of phenol, the first position is occupied by hydroxyl group.
Phenol derivatives with two or more substituents:
More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.
By considering the way the phenol is named, the structure can be drawn if the name is given.
(b)
Interpretation:
The structural formula for the given phenol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
When one hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl group in benzene is known as phenol. If the other hydrogen atoms present in phenol are replaced by other atoms or groups are known as phenol derivatives.
Phenol derivative with one substituent:
IUPAC system of naming phenol derivative considers phenol to be a part of main name. The numbering is given in a way that the substituent gets the least numbering possible.
Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2
Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3
Para- means disubstitution in 1,4
In all the above derivatives of phenol, the first position is occupied by hydroxyl group.
Phenol derivatives with two or more substituents:
More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.
By considering the way the phenol is named, the structure can be drawn if the name is given.
(c)
Interpretation:
The structural formula for the given phenol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
When one hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl group in benzene is known as phenol. If the other hydrogen atoms present in phenol are replaced by other atoms or groups are known as phenol derivatives.
Phenol derivative with one substituent:
IUPAC system of naming phenol derivative considers phenol to be a part of main name. The numbering is given in a way that the substituent gets the least numbering possible.
Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2
Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3
Para- means disubstitution in 1,4
In all the above derivatives of phenol, the first position is occupied by hydroxyl group.
Phenol derivatives with two or more substituents:
More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.
By considering the way the phenol is named, the structure can be drawn if the name is given.
(d)
Interpretation:
The structural formula for the given phenol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
When one hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl group in benzene is known as phenol. If the other hydrogen atoms present in phenol are replaced by other atoms or groups are known as phenol derivatives.
Phenol derivative with one substituent:
IUPAC system of naming phenol derivative considers phenol to be a part of main name. The numbering is given in a way that the substituent gets the least numbering possible.
Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2
Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3
Para- means disubstitution in 1,4
In all the above derivatives of phenol, the first position is occupied by hydroxyl group.
Phenol derivatives with two or more substituents:
More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.
By considering the way the phenol is named, the structure can be drawn if the name is given.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
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- Listed below are descriptions that may belong to amylose, amylopectin, both, or it may not belong to either. Write A if it describes amylose, B if it describes amylopectin, AB if the statement applies to both, or O if it doesn’t apply to either. 1. Its monosaccharides are bound by at least one α-1,4-glycosidic bond. 2. It contains α-1,6-glycosidic bonds. 3. It can be broken down by the enzyme α-amylase. 4. A polysaccharide made up of gulose. 5. It can form a double helix.arrow_forwardThe analgesic phenacetin is synthesized by treating 4- ethoxyaniline with acetic anhydride. a. Which of the following is the structure of 4- ethoxyaniline? OCH₂CH3 NH₂ OCH₂CH3 NH₂ OCH₂CH3arrow_forwardGiven the choices on the imageA. what is the structure of a phospolipid?B. structure of a 1,2-diacylglyrol (DAG)?C. structure of a monoacylglycerol (MAG)D. structure of ceramidearrow_forward
- Melibiose is a disaccharide found in artichokes. It consists of galactose and glucose linked by an a(1→6) glycosidic bond. a. Draw the structure of melibiose. b. Is melibiose a reducing sugar? c. Compare the structures of melibiose and lactose.arrow_forwardIndicate whether the following pairs of monosaccharides are aldoses or ketoses. a. D-altrose & D-xylose b. D-arabinose & D-glyceraldehyde c. D-erythrulose & D-psicose d. D-talose & D-gulose e. dihydroxyacetone & D-tagatose f. D-idose & D-threosearrow_forwardSalicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid) is used as starting material to prepare aspirin. Draw the structure of salicylic acid.arrow_forward
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