Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14.8, Problem 1CT
Genetic engineering is used both in food crops and in medicine. Golden Rice and almost all the corn and soybeans grown in the United States contain genes from other species. The hepatitis B vaccine is produced by inserting a gene from the hepatitis virus into yeast. The antibodies in ZMapp, currently in clinical trials as an Ebola therapy, are part mouse and part human. Are there scientifically important differences in the use of genetic engineering for food or for medical purposes? Would you accept GMO products for medicine but not food? Defend your position.
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Because genetic engineering involves the modification of an organism's set of instructions, it has created a dilemma raising both moral and ethical concerns. For instance, a biotechnological company has found a way to produce rice that is immune to pests and diseases, which is vital for the establishment of food security. However, the methods that will be implemented are by splicing off the genes of endangered pandas using invasive procedures that may harm their population. Will you support this? Why or why not? Limit your answers to 5 sentences or less. Be brief and concise.
Genetic engineering has been used in many different ways, such as
human growth hormone for the treatment of pituitary dwarfism (recombinant DNA)
plants engineered to be resistant to herbicides and pests
an “antifreeze” gene inserted into some Atlantic salmon and halibut
pick one of the examples of genetic engineering listed above to expand on.
Provide a description of the technology in terms of how it works and what steps are taken
Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering has been used in many different ways, such as
human growth hormone for the treatment of pituitary dwarfism (recombinant DNA)
plants engineered to be resistant to herbicides and pests
an “antifreeze” gene inserted into some Atlantic salmon and halibut
Select one of the examples of genetic engineering listed above and provide a description of the technology in terms of how it works and what steps are taken.
Example:
Brief description of the technology:
Steps involved in achieving desired outcome:
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - define biotechnology?Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.2 - describe natural processes that recombine DNA,...Ch. 14.3 - Guilty or Innocent? When biological evidence was...Ch. 14.3 - For any single person, a given STR always has...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 14.3 - There are many other applications in which DNA...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 14.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 14.4 - Restriction enzymes are isolated from bacteria....Ch. 14.4 - explain how genes are inserted into a plasmid, and...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 14.5 - describe the advantages of genetically modified...Ch. 14.5 - list some examples of how GM animals might be...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 14.6 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 14.6 - explain how knowledge of the genomes of humans and...Ch. 14.7 - Prob. 1TCCh. 14.7 - explain how biotechnology is used to diagnose both...Ch. 14.7 - describe the procedures and advantages of gene...Ch. 14.8 - Genetic engineering is used both in food crops and...Ch. 14.8 - explain why people might be opposed to the use of...Ch. 14.8 - envision circumstances in which it would be...Ch. 14.8 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 14.8 - Prob. 2CTCh. 14 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14 - A restriction enzyme a. cuts DNA at a specific...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5MCCh. 14 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 14 - _________is the process whereby bacteria pick up...Ch. 14 - The _______ is a technique tor multiplying DNA in...Ch. 14 - Matching DNA samples in forensics uses a specific...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 14 - Prob. 1RQCh. 14 - Prob. 2RQCh. 14 - Prob. 3RQCh. 14 - Prob. 4RQCh. 14 - Prob. 5RQCh. 14 - How does gel electrophoresis separate pieces of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7RQCh. 14 - Prob. 8RQCh. 14 - Prob. 9RQCh. 14 - Prob. 10RQCh. 14 - As you may know, many Insects have evolved...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2AC
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- When the human genome sequence was finally completed, scientists were surprised to discover that the genome contains far fewer genes than expected. How many genes are present in the human genome? Scientists have also found that there are many more different kinds of proteins in human cells than there are different genes in the genome. How can this be explained?arrow_forwardBacteria are often the preferred hosts for genetic engineering projects by splicing in novel genes from eukaryotes into plasmids, which are moved into competent bacteria. For instance, the gene for human insulin was isolated and moved into a bacterium, which can now produce the much-needed chemical. Previously, type 1 diabetics had to rely on professionals that gathered insulin from human cadavers, cows, and pigs. In order for this feat of genetic engineering to occur, researchers had to start with an unspliced mRNA transcript for h insulin. Agree/Disagree? Explain your response.arrow_forwardHumans have engaged in genetic manipulation for millennia, producing plant and animal varieties through selective breeding and hybridization that significantly modify genomes of organisms. Why do you think modern genetic engineering, which often entails introducing or modifying only one or a few genes, has met with so much opposition? Should some forms of genetic engineering be of greater concern than others? Explain.arrow_forward
- If you knew the mRNA sequence for the human insulin gene could you know what size cDNA fragment you would find on your DNA gel when you ran it against a size standard (a “molecular ruler”)? Would you continue with your insulin cloning experiment, if the DNA from your PCR was very different in size from that predicted by the insulin mRNA? Why or why not? Primers can sometimes bind and target the wrong gene, especially if the primers are allowed to bind to the DNA strands at a low temperature. PCR also preferentially amplify short segments of DNA. Would it be important to actually run the cDNA after the PCR on a DNA gel in order to check for a PCR product of the predicted size for the insulin gene? Why or why not?arrow_forwardGenetic engineering has been a debatable topic in science as many people are only aware of its risk than benefits. Which among the scenarios below are the benefits of using GMOs? I. Genetic engineering in food can be used to alter genes in crops leading to new diseases in pants. II. Genetic engineering in crops such as rice, corn and tomato can be used to obtain new strains with better nutritional qualities. III. Genetic engineering in food can be used to create totally the same substances such as proteins and other food nutrients. IV. Genetic engineering can be used to increase the immunity to diseases in plants leading to uncontrolled transfer of the resistance genes to the harmful pathogens. V. Genetic engineering can restrict the diversity in organisms. VI. Genetic engineering can be used to suppress negative traits in human like certain genetic diseases. a. II, III, IV and VI b. II, III and VI c. I, II, IV and V d. I, III,…arrow_forwardBased on our modern understanding, what revisions are necessary to the original one-gene / one-enzyme hypothesis? (Check all that apply.) Alternative splicing allows one gene to encode multiple polypeptides. Some genes encode RNAs, not enzymes. Some genes encode lipids, not enzymes. Some genes encode polypeptides that are not enzymes, such as structural proteins. Proteins as functional units may be composed of several polypeptides, so genes may encode just one polypeptide within a larger protein. Enzymes are not encoded by genes after all — they are constructed through separate biochemical processes.arrow_forward
- Why can’t all genetic diseases be treated with gene therapy ? Explain how the ideal procedure for gene therapy would work ?arrow_forwardHow could the information from sequencing your genome be used against you theoretically if it fell into the wrong hands?arrow_forwardIn what ways have we in the past, or currently are, genetically engineering organisms? Give a specific example. CRISPR has the potential to change everything. What potential benefits of this technology are you most excited about? What possible drawbacks concerns you the most?arrow_forward
- After watching the video “Genes as Medicine" discuss how gene therapy has been used to treat an inherited form of blindness, and now sickle cell anemia. How were the genes delivered? What model organism was gene therapy tested in? How successful has the treatment been in humans?arrow_forwardHuman Genome ProjectIn 2003, the Human Genome Project was successfully completed, determining the exact sequence of the entire human genome, which is made up of 3 billion nucleotide base pairs. The data generated from the Human Genome Project is freely available online to anyone. Many researches and innovations stemmed from the HGP, allowing the identifications of 1 800 disease genes. Many of the corporations using the results from the HGP are privately funded, and research is being done for profit even though the HGP results are provided freely.Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of corporate funding and patenting genetic research results.arrow_forwardI believe that there are many good things that can come out of people getting to design their baby’s genetic material. But there are also many bad things as well. From the article by Bio medical about the pros and cons of having a designer baby it states that a pro is that this type of engineering can “ might help prevent genetic diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s Disease, down syndrome, Spinal Muscular Atrophy, and many others”. I think that it is great that we could get rid of Alzheimer’s due to how destructive it can be to the people that suffer it. But I think the other diseases that it can eliminate is horrible due to them making our world a more unique place such as people with autism, Down syndrome. By doing this it could eliminate the whole population of people with disabilities community and make everyone “normal”. Another bad that I found in the article Ethics of designer babies which states that a major flaw for these babies is “designer baby technologies suggest…arrow_forward
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