Chapter 15, Problem 15.29QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of reaction between ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{CH}}_3\text{COOH}$ has to be identified. Also, the proton transfer in this acid-base reaction of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{CH}}_3\text{COOH}$ has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

In Bronsted–Lowry theory, acid is defined as a substance that donates a proton. In a solution, it dissociates to give ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions. A solution can be water or made of any other substances. For example, $\text{HCl}$. All Bronsted–Lowry acids cannot be Arrhenius acids.

Base is defined as a substance that accepts a proton. In a solution, it dissociates to give ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions. A solution can be water or made of any other substances.

Brønsted–Lowry acid transfer a proton and form base as the other compound can accept a proton. This is called conjugate acid-base pair. In pair of conjugate acid and base, the acid form is protonated and the base form lost the proton.

Every base has a conjugate acid. They are related by loss or gain of proton. The expression for base and conjugate acid is as follows:

  $\text{Base}+\text{Proton}\rightleftharpoons \text{Conjugate acid}$

Every acid has a conjugate base. They are related by loss or gain of proton. The expression for conjugate base and acid is as follows:

  $\text{Acid}\rightleftharpoons \text{Proton}+\text{Conjugate base}$

The reaction mechanism in which proton is donated by a compound and accepted by the other compound is called a proton transfer reaction. It involves transfer of protons between two species in chemical reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of reaction between has $\text{CO}{\text{3}}_{}{}^{2-}$ and ${\text{N}}_2{\text{H}}_5{}^{+}$ to be identified. Also, the proton transfer in this acid-base reaction of $\text{CO}{\text{3}}_{}{}^{2-}$ and ${\text{N}}_2{\text{H}}_5{}^{+}$ has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a)

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of reaction between ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ and ${\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}$ has to be identified. Also, the proton transfer in this acid-base of ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ and ${\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}$ reaction has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a)

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of reaction between ${\text{HCOO}}^{-}$ and ${\text{HSO}}_4{}^{-}$ has to be identified. Also, the proton transfer in this acid-base reaction of ${\text{HCOO}}^{-}$ and ${\text{HSO}}_4{}^{-}$ has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).