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(a)
Interpretation:
IUPAC name has to be given for all unbranched-chain saturated compounds that can be named as hexanals.
Concept Introduction:
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same
For naming an aldehyde in
IUPAC rules for naming an aldehyde:
- • The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carbonyl group.
- • The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-al”.
- • Numbering is done in a way that the carbonyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon is always numbered 1.
- • The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.
- • If the carbonyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carbaldehyde” is added as suffix.
(b)
Interpretation:
IUPAC name for all possible saturated unbranched ketones that are named as hexanones has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.
Aldehydes and ketones have constitutional isomers. Functional group isomerism exists between aldehyde and ketones. Aldehydes and ketones that have same degree of saturation and same number of carbon atoms are functional group isomers. In aldehyde, skeletal isomerism is possible where the group attached to the carbonyl carbon atom connectivity is changed. In ketones positional isomerism is possible where the carbonyl group is moved within the carbon chain.
For naming a ketone in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-one” is added to the parent alkane name.
IUPAC rules for naming a ketone:
- • The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carbonyl group.
- • The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-one”.
- • Numbering is done in a way that the carbonyl group gets the least numbering. The position of the carbonyl group is indicated in the name.
- • The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.
- • Cyclic ketones are named by adding the suffix “-one” to the name of the carbon ring. The substituents are numbered so that it gets the least numbering starting from the carbonyl group that is given the number 1.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card
- Give one specific sample structure (Fischer Projection or Haworth) of the following carbohydrate derivatives: - Amino-sugararrow_forwardGive one specific sample structure (Fischer Projection or Haworth) of the following carbohydrate derivatives: - Alditols - Deoxy-sugararrow_forwardDraw the structure of the disaccharide with a systematic name of: (1→6)-B-1) glucopyranosyl-B-D-fructofuranosidearrow_forward
- Identify the potential hydrogen bond donors and acceptors in the followingmolecules:arrow_forwardIndicate the following for each disaccharide: I) type of glycosidic linkage i.e. a(1→4) II) configuration i.e. alpha or beta 1. OH CH₂OH 0 OH I) II) III) IV) OH CH₂OH -0 OH ОН OH 2. HO CH₂OH 0 I) II) III) IV) ОН HOCH2 ОН HO ОН CH₂OH 3. CH, OH CH2 О CG OH ОН HO ОН HỎ I) II) III) III) reducing or non-reducing sugar IV) name of each monosaccharide IV) OH OH 4. HO I) II) III) IV) CH₂OH OH 0 ОН CH₂OH OH ОН OHarrow_forwardDraw condensed structural formulas for all products obtained from the complete hydrolysis of the following triacylglycerol.arrow_forward
- Indicate the following for each disaccharide: I) type of glycosidic linkage i.e. a(1→4) II) configuration i.e. alpha or beta 1. ОН CH₂OH OH I) II) III) IV) 0 ОН 0 CH₂OH OH ОН OH 2. HO CH₂OH I) II) III) IV) ОН HOCH₂, OH ·0 НО 0 ОНА CH₂OH 3. HO I) II) III) IV) CH OH OH O ОН III) reducing or non-reducing sugar IV) name of each monosaccharide HO CH₂ ОН OH ОН 4. HO I) II) III) IV) CH₂OH 0 OH ОН CH₂OH OH О ОН ОНarrow_forwardwrite the structure of the following disaccharides ex: Beta- D- Galactopyranosyl- alpha-D-glucosearrow_forwardD- and L- designations are used to distinguish between the two possible enantiomers of the monosaccharide, galactose. From the Fischer projection, determine the designation of this monosaccharide.arrow_forward
- Draw the stereoisomers of the following amino acids. Indicate pairs of enantiomers and pairs of diastereomers. leucineCH3CHCH2 CHCOO−CH3 +NH3 isoleucineCH3CH2CH CHCOO−CH3arrow_forwardQI// Draw the position isomer for the chemical formula ? A. C,H,Br В. С.Н. Q2// Draw the chemical structures for the IUPAC name 1) 4-amino-3-chloro-7-methyl octane Isobutane 2) 3) 4-(1-methylethyl) hexane 4) 5-bromo-3-methoxy- 1-nitro Q3// write the IUPA name for the chemical strutters? H,C-CH2 CH3 CH3 2 1 H3C- -CH3 CH2 CH2 H3C CH2 CH3 H3C CH3 CH3 CH 3 HC CH3 H3C CH2 OH CH CI H,C Q4 – Indicate which the chemical formula that is the functional isomer and draw all configuration chemical structure 1) CH,O 2) С.Н.С, 3) C,H.O, 4) CH Q5// What is the physical state of alkane ?arrow_forwardIn observing a Haworth or cyclohexane-chair representation of alpha-d-glucopyranose, the anomeric carbon can de best identified by: a) the carbon atom which is bonded to the most H atoms b) the carbon atom which is bonded to the least H atoms c) The carbon atom which has its OH group pointing down d) The carbon atom which is bonded to two oxygen atoms Cellulose differs from amylose in that: a) cellulose has 1-6 branches while amylose does not b) amylose has 1-6 branches while cellulose does not c) amylose has alpha glycosidic bonds while cellulose has beta glycosidic bonds d) cellulose contains sulfate while amylose does not. The glycosaminoglycan (mucopolysaccharide) which is not normally associated with joint tissue is: a) heparin b) keratan sulfate c) chondroitin sulfate d) hyaluronic acid In glycoproteins, which amino acid does not bond sugar molecules? a) Asn b) Ser c) Thr d) Gly Which feature do all lipid molecules share in common? a) fatty acid molecules…arrow_forward
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