To determine: The possibility to treat health conditions such as obesity by manipulating the microbiome.
Introduction: Microbiome consists of microbes that live on or in the human body. These microbes are essential for the survival of human beings. The genetic and
To determine: The method by which gut microbiome treat conditions such as obesity.
Introduction: Microbiome consists of microbes that live on or in the human body. These microbes are essential for the survival of human beings. The genetic and metabolic activities of these microbes contribute a lot in maintaining the proper health conditions in humans.
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Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
- The human microbiome is an integral part of human health. Unfortunately, the microbiomes of Americans are reduced in species diversity relative to those of people in other countries, especially those living in non-Western countries. Give examples of three beneficial functions that the human gut microbiome provides to us, the host and what are three potential causes of the reduced gut microbiomes of Americans? Part II: What are three potential consequences of the reduced gut microbiomes of Americans?arrow_forwardExplain how E.coli helps in human digestion. Please include following points: Mutualistic relationship with its host organism Both gain benefits Helps the host with absorption of Vitamin K Host provides a safe environment to E.coli Helps the digestion process and food breakdown E.coli obtains food from host organismarrow_forwardPeople who use proton pump inhibitors or antacids are more prone to infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Can you explain the observation considering what you have learned?arrow_forward
- Most healthy and some abnormal gut microbiomes that have a high diversity of taxonomic groups are resistant to manipulation by probiotics and other therapeutic treatments such a fecal transplantation. Explain why these microbiomes are more likely to be resistant to manipulation.arrow_forwardWhat is the gut microbiome? Is it inside every human body? Is it an organarrow_forwardE.coli is part of the normal microbiota of the intestines and can cause gastroenteritis. Explain why this one bacterial species is both beneficial and harmful.arrow_forward
- Please help. The terms germ and microbe are often used interchangeably. What comes to mind when you hear the word germ? The word biome can be defined as a major ecological community type such as a grassland or desert. Why is the term microbiome used to describe the microbes that live in or on the human body? Describe the benefits the microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron provides to its host species. Helicobacter pylori was originally identified as a causative agent for ulcers in humans, but turns out its role is more complex. Describe how H. pylori also plays a role in regulating appetite. Describe the role that Bacteroides fragilis plays in controlling the human immune/inflammatory response.arrow_forwardLooking at the composition of young children's gut microbiomes and how it changes under various environmental conditions, would the composition of a child's gut microbiome change depending on what part of the world that they live? why ? For example Asia vs Africa.arrow_forwardC. diff is a debilitating disease that often inflicts patients in the hospital after a course of antibiotics. In the past, the go to treatment for this was to administer more antibiotics...but now, an alternative treatment seems to be a better option. The FMT - fecal microbiota transplant or short "poop" or "fecal" transplant. What is it and how does it work? What is C. diff? Would you get it of you were suffering from C. diff? Why or why not? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZxRp-f3ElY&feature=emb_logoarrow_forward
- There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. If you were traveling in Europe, would you eat beef? Give sound reasons why or why not.arrow_forwardThere have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. What measures have been taken to stop BSE?arrow_forwardThe beaches at a nearby lake have been closed because of high E. coli counts. The lake is surrounded by agricultural areas and summer cottages. We know that different species of vertebrates have different E. coli strains in their digestive tracts. Propose a hypothesis about the source of the E. coli and design an experiment to test this hypothesis.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning