Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15, Problem 1ITD
Summary Introduction
To review:
The amino acids linked by line are specified by codons that differ in a single base. Determine the codons specifying the amino acids shown in the given figure:
Introduction:
The genetic code is a three-letter word or codon that specifies an amino acid. Except for methionine and tryptophan, all amino acids are represented by more than one codon. The first two letters of the codons of an amino acid are identical. These letters indicate the bases present in the
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DNA gene
TAC
AGC
TTT
mRNA codon
(No thymine in RNA!)
tRNA anticodon
(No thymine in RNA!)
Amino acid
Use the mRNA with the Genetic Code.
Use the mRNA with the Genetic Code.
Answer the questions below.
Questions
How many nucleotides would be needed to code for a protein that has 100 amino acids?
Using the Genetic Code in Table 6.3, write all of the possible codons that signal the start and end of a gene.
Start:
End:
An amino acid sequence of a protein molecule includes methionine, lysine, serine and glycine. Show each different codon that could result in each of these amino acids. You will have more than one codon for all of them except methionine.
Amino Acids
All Possible Codons
Methionine
Lysine
Serine
(Look carefully. There are six possibilities)
Glycine
Question 3 illustrates the redundant nature of the genetic code. Can you think of an advantage of having several codons that all code for the…
Look at Table 26.3 and find codons for the following amino acids:(a) Val (b) Arg (c) Ser
Finally, imagine that a mutation occurred in the codon below and an A was inserted between the two Ts. How would this affect the mRNA and the amino acid for that codon?
Old DNA codon
Old RNA codon
Old amino acid
New DNA codon
New mRNA codon
New amino acid
T T G
T A T G
This would be an example of which type of a mutation?__________________________
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.1 - If the codon were five bases long, how many...Ch. 15.2 - For the DNA template below, what would be the...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.4 - Distinguish between the P, A, and E sites of the...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - How does a missense mutation differ from a silent...
Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 4SBCh. 15 - Eukaryotic mRNA: usessnRNPs to cut out introns and...Ch. 15 - A segment of a strand of DNA has a base sequence...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 15 - Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 15 - A part of an mRNA molecule with the sequence 5-UGC...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts A mutation occurs that alters an...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts The normal form of a gene...Ch. 15 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 1ITD
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- A certain mRNA strand has the following nucleotide sequence: 5AUGACGUAUAACUUU3 What is the anticodon for each codon? What is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide? (Use Figure 13-5 to help answer this question.) Figure 13-5 The genetic code The genetic code specifies all possible combinations of the three bases that compose codons in mRNA. Of the 64 possible codons, 61 specify amino acids (see Figure 3-17 for an explanation of abbreviations). The codon AUG specifies the amino acid methionine and also signals the ribosome to initiate translation (start). Three codonsUAA, UGA, and UAGdo not specify amino acids; they terminate polypeptide synthesis (stop).arrow_forwardIn the gene-coding sequence shown here, which of the following events will produce a frameshift after the last mutational site? a. insertion of an A after the first codon b. deletion of the second codon (AAA) c. insertion of TA after the second codon and deletion of CG in the fourth codon d. deletion of AC in the third codonarrow_forwardIf instead of 20 amino acids there were 200 amino acids, then how many nucleotides would you be minimally needed for each codon?a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 e. 7arrow_forward
- explain why a mutation in the dna nucleotide sequence that corresponds to the 3rd nitrogen base in the mrna codon is not as serious as a mutation in the dna that corresponds to the first nitrogen base in the mrna codonarrow_forwardWhat would happen if a mutation changed a codon for an amino acid to a stop codon? How about if the mutation changed a start codon to some other codon?arrow_forwardRefer to the genetic code in Figure 15.10 to answer the following question Q. If a single transition occurs in a codon that specifies Phe, what amino acids can be specified by the mutated sequence?arrow_forward
- What amino acid sequence is encoded by the codon sequence ACGCAGCGCCCGGUC? Use the 3 letter abbreviation with hyphens and no spaces in between.arrow_forwardWhat is genetic code? How many codons are there? Justify that genetic code is universalarrow_forwardFor the following DNA sequence TAC-CCC-AAA-TTT-ATC Write: the mRNA codons the tRNA anticodons the protein formedarrow_forward
- If a mutation changed the start codon into a stop codon, would this mutation affect the length of the RNA? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a true statement concerning codons A codon Will be read by RNA polymerase during transcription A codon is composed of two nucleaotides A codon specifies one amino acid A codon is composed of three amino acids A codon is found in all eukaryotes but not in prokaryotesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true of a codon?(A) It may code for the same amino acid as another codon.(B) It never codes for more than one amino acid.(C) It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule.(D) It is the basic unit of the genetic code.arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY