Essentials Of Genetics (9th Global Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134143637
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings
Publisher: Pearson Global Edition
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Chapter 16, Problem 14PDQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
(A) The gain-of-function and
(B) The loss-of-function, occurring in the two classes of genes (oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes) associated with cancer.
Introduction:
Cancer is known to be caused due to mutation of genes. Mutation generally occurs due to accidental exposure to a carcinogen. Various other factors such as changing lifestyle are also expected to cause cancer.
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How does the multistep model of cancer explain the observation that sporadic cases of retinoblastoma usually appear in only one eye, whereas inherited forms of the cancer appear in both eyes?
Describe the genetic changes that inactivate tumor-suppressor genes.
Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes undergo gain-of-function or loss-of-function mutations? Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, BCL-2, JUN, MDM2, and p16.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Essentials Of Genetics (9th Global Edition)
Ch. 16 -
CASE STUDY | I thought it was safe
A middle-aged...Ch. 16 -
CASE STUDY | I thought it was safe
A middle-aged...Ch. 16 -
CASE STUDY | I thought it was safe
A middle-aged...Ch. 16 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 16 -
2. Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 307....Ch. 16 - What is the relationship between signal...Ch. 16 - Where are the major regulatory points in the cell...Ch. 16 -
5. Describe kinases and cyclins. How do they...Ch. 16 - (a) How does pRB function to keep cells at the G1...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between saying that cancer...
Ch. 16 -
8. What is apoptosis, and under what...Ch. 16 - Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation...Ch. 16 - A genetic variant of the retinoblastoma protein,...Ch. 16 -
11. Part of the Ras protein is associated with...Ch. 16 - If a cell suffers damage to its DNA while in S...Ch. 16 - Prob. 13PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 16 - How do normal cells protect themselves from...Ch. 16 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 16 - Explain how environmental agents such as chemicals...Ch. 16 - Radiotherapy (treatment with ionizing radiation)...Ch. 16 - Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1...Ch. 16 - Prob. 23PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 24PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 25PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 26PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 27PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 28PDQ
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- What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene?arrow_forwardExplain the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene.arrow_forwardBenign tumors: a. are noncancerous growths that do not spread to other tissues b. do not contain mutations c. are malignant and clonal in origin d. metastasize to other tissues e. none of thesearrow_forward
- What are the underlying biological mechanisms that differentiate the various types of cancer, and how can a better understanding of these mechanisms lead to more targeted and effective treatments for each specific type of cancer?arrow_forwardHow can the role of epigenetics in cancer be reconciled with the idea that cancer is caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations in tumor-suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?arrow_forwardWhy don’t all loss-of-function mutations that are recessive at the cellular level behave as dominants at the organismal level? Is this property restricted to tumor-suppressor gene mutations?arrow_forward
- How can a mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene contribute to the development of cancer?arrow_forwardWhat type of epigenetic changes are associated with cancer?arrow_forwardDescribe the steps by which the TP53 gene responds to DNA damage and/or cellular stress to promote cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Given that TP53 is a recessive gene and is not located on the X chromosome, why would people who inherit just one mutant copy of a recessive tumor-suppressor gene be at higher risk of developing cancer than those without the recessive gene?arrow_forward
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