The given process, dissolving sugar in hot coffee is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained. Concept Introduction: Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules. Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and Δ S refers to change in entropy of the system. When Δ S value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When Δ S value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence. Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value. Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process, dissolving sugar in hot coffee is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

“Decomposition of NaCl to a solid sodium and gaseous chlorine at 25°C and 1 atm pressure.”

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process, dissolving sugar in hot coffee is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

“Decomposition of NaCl to a solid sodium and gaseous chlorine at 25°C and 1 atm pressure.”

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process, dissolving sugar in hot coffee is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

“Decomposition of NaCl to a solid sodium and gaseous chlorine at 25°C and 1 atm pressure.”

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process, dissolving sugar in hot coffee is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

“Decomposition of NaCl to a solid sodium and gaseous chlorine at 25°C and 1 atm pressure.”

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process, dissolving sugar in hot coffee is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

“Decomposition of NaCl to a solid sodium and gaseous chlorine at 25°C and 1 atm pressure.”

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process, dissolving sugar in hot coffee is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 16.31SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process, dissolving sugar in hot coffee is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

“Decomposition of NaCl to a solid sodium and gaseous chlorine at 25°C and 1 atm pressure.”

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

“Decomposition of NaCl to a solid sodium and gaseous chlorine at 25°C and 1 atm pressure.”

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given process is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system. More the number of molecules in a system more will be the movement of molecules and greater will be the entropy given that weak intermolecular forces prevails between molecules.

Entropy is denoted by ‘S’ and ΔS refers to change in entropy of the system. When ΔS value is positive for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is spontaneous – which proceeds without any external influence. When ΔS value is negative for a phenomenon, it indicates the process is non–spontaneous – which proceeds upon some external influence.

Spontaneous process has – positive entropy value and negative free energy, enthalpy value.

Non-spontaneous process tends to proceed with negative entropy value and positive free energy and enthalpy.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 16.1 - Predicting the Sign of S Predict the sign of S in...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2P Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.3CP Ch. 16.3 - Which state has the higher entropy? Explain in...Ch. 16.5 - Calculate the standard entropy of reaction at 25C...Ch. 16.6 - By determining the sign of Stotal, show whether...Ch. 16.7 - Consider the decomposition of gaseous N2O4:...Ch. 16.7 - The following data apply to the vaporization of...Ch. 16.7 - What are the signs (+, , or 0) of H, S, and G for...Ch. 16.8 - Consider the thermal decomposition of calcium...

Solution Summary: The author explains that dissolving sugar in hot coffee is whether spontaneous or not has to be ascertained. Entropy refers to measurement of randomness or disorderliness in the system.

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