(a)
Interpretation:
The maximum number of hydrogen bonds that can be formed between two butanoic acid molecule has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Hydrogen-bond is a weak force of attraction. If a hydrogen atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom, then there is possibility of hydrogen-bond formation. Carboxylic acids form two hydrogen bonds with another carboxylic acid molecule to form a dimer.
Carboxylic acid forms hydrogen-bond to water molecule readily. This results in solubility in water. Unsubstituted monocarboxylic acids that contain one to four carbon atoms are miscible with water. As the carbon number increases, the solubility decreases. Dicarboxylic acid that have short-chain are water soluble.
(b)
Interpretation:
The maximum number of hydrogen bonds that can be formed between a butanoic acid molecule and water molecules has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Hydrogen-bond is a weak force of attraction. If a hydrogen atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom, then there is possibility of hydrogen-bond formation. Carboxylic acids form two hydrogen bonds with another carboxylic acid molecule to form a dimer.
Carboxylic acid forms hydrogen-bond to water molecule readily. This results in solubility in water. Unsubstituted monocarboxylic acids that contain one to four carbon atoms are miscible with water. As the carbon number increases, the solubility decreases. Dicarboxylic acid that have short-chain are water soluble. Aromatic carboxylic acids are insoluble in water.
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