Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 2RQ
Define equilibrium population. Outline the conditions that must be met for a population to stay in genetic equilibrium.
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Suppose a population of organisms is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with respect to a gene that has two alleles, Y and y. The
YY genotype has a frequency of 0.11, the Yy genotype has a frequency of 0.44, and the y genotype has a frequency of 0.45.
Calculate the frequency of each allele to two decimal places.
Y allele frequency:
y allele frequency:
In a population of 800 people, if p= 30%, what are the expected numbers of individuals with the
genotypes TT, Tt, and tt? (Chp. 4) *Answers should only be the number.
*H/W equation: p2+ 2pq + q² - 1
Genotype TT
Genotype Tt-
Genotype t
Consider a gene with two alleles, C and M. The table below describes fitness for different genotypes in two populations.
Â
Fitness
Â
CC
CM
MM
Population 1
1.0
1.0
0.6
Population 2
0.9
0.9
1.0
 Assume that both populations begin with frequencies of 0.5 for each allele, population size is infinite, and there is no migration between populations. Would you predict that either allele would become fixed in either population?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - define evolution in terms of concepts from...Ch. 16.1 - define equilibrium population and describe the...Ch. 16.2 - Evolution of a Menace The mutant alleles that...Ch. 16.2 - describe how mutation, gene flow, genetic drift,...Ch. 16.2 - A flu vaccination stimulates your immune system to...Ch. 16.2 - If it were true that mutations do occur in...Ch. 16.2 - Explain how the distribution of genotypes in...Ch. 16.2 - If a population grows large again after a...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4TCCh. 16.3 - describe why selection of phenotypes can affect...
Ch. 16.3 - A team of phys clans treated four patients with...Ch. 16.3 - If we studied a population of bighorn sheep and...Ch. 16.3 - explain how competition and predation influence...Ch. 16.3 - When selection is directional, is there any limit...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 16.3 - Microbiologists have discovered that alleles...Ch. 16.3 - compare and contrast directional selection,...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - The ______ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - What is a gene pool? How would you determine the...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...Ch. 16 - Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - An organisms ______ refers to the specific alleles...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is a. any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - A random form of evolution is called ________....Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements about mutations...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - Competition is most Intense between members of...Ch. 16 - Genetic drift occurs a. when different phenotypes...Ch. 16 - People like to say that you cant prove a negative....Ch. 16 - The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - Describe the three ways in which natural selection...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...
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- A population consists of 100 individuals of the following genotypes: AA 55 Aa 20 0.14 0.2 0.25 0.35 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.8 aa 25 What is the frequency of the A allele?arrow_forwardThe Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next, as long as specific conditions are met. Choose Yes or No for the conditions that must be met from the providied statement below. 1. Mutations are exponentially occuring  2. All member of the population breed  3. Everyone produces the same number of offspring  4. The population is infinitely large  5. There is no migration in or out of the population  6. No net mutations are occuring  7. Natural selection of beneficial traits is occuring  8. Natural selection is not occuring  9. All mating is completely random  10. Offspring are able to migrate out of the populationarrow_forwardExplain the meaning of the following statement: “Individuals within a population will not evolve, the population evolves.”arrow_forward
- Below is a plot of genotype frequencies in a population. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the probability that any given individual will have the m allele? 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 BB Bb bbarrow_forwardDescribe the impact of founder effects and population bottlenecks on the genetic diversity of human populations. Provide examples of populations that have experienced these events and discuss their implications for the genetic makeup of contemporary human groups.arrow_forwardConsider a gene with two alleles, C and M. The table below describes fitness for different genotypes in two populations.  Fitness  CC CM MM Population 1 1.0 1.0 0.6 Population 2 0.9 0.9 1.0  Assume that both populations begin with frequencies of 0.5 for each allele, population size is infinite, and there is no migration between populations. Which of the following statements is true based on the information you have on these populations?arrow_forward
- Graph 2: Draw the predictions of a population genetics model when the starting allele frequency of the A1 allele is 0.2, individuals that are homozygous for the A1 allele have a 5% increase in fitness, and otherwise all assumptions of the Hardy Weinberg model are true. 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0arrow_forwardDistinguish between continuous and discontinuous variation in a population, and give some examples of eacharrow_forwardIn mice, the waltzing allele (w) that causes the mouse to run in circles due to an inner ear defect is recessive to the non-waltzing allele (W).In an ideal mouse population exhibiting Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium of 150 mice, 15% of the alleles are non-waltzing. What is the frequency of the recessive allele?Record your answer as a whole number percentage. Answer%arrow_forward
- What is gene flow defined as? Group of answer choices A-production of new alleles B-chance loss of alleles in a population C-exchange of genes between populations D-production of new genetic material E-differential reproductive success of individualsarrow_forward. List the five conditions necessary for the allele frequencies of a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.arrow_forwardConsider a finite population in which individuals carry two alleles at a particular genetic locus. One of the two alleles is currently at a frequency of 0.42 in the population. If the locus is neutral, such that neither allele confers a fitness advantage, what is the probability that this allele is eventually lost from the population?arrow_forward
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