Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16.2, Problem 1TC
If it were true that mutations do occur in response to the presence of antibiotics. how would the result of this experiment have differed from the actual result?
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - define evolution in terms of concepts from...Ch. 16.1 - define equilibrium population and describe the...Ch. 16.2 - Evolution of a Menace The mutant alleles that...Ch. 16.2 - describe how mutation, gene flow, genetic drift,...Ch. 16.2 - A flu vaccination stimulates your immune system to...Ch. 16.2 - If it were true that mutations do occur in...Ch. 16.2 - Explain how the distribution of genotypes in...Ch. 16.2 - If a population grows large again after a...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4TCCh. 16.3 - describe why selection of phenotypes can affect...
Ch. 16.3 - A team of phys clans treated four patients with...Ch. 16.3 - If we studied a population of bighorn sheep and...Ch. 16.3 - explain how competition and predation influence...Ch. 16.3 - When selection is directional, is there any limit...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 16.3 - Microbiologists have discovered that alleles...Ch. 16.3 - compare and contrast directional selection,...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - The ______ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - What is a gene pool? How would you determine the...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...Ch. 16 - Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - An organisms ______ refers to the specific alleles...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is a. any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - A random form of evolution is called ________....Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements about mutations...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - Competition is most Intense between members of...Ch. 16 - Genetic drift occurs a. when different phenotypes...Ch. 16 - People like to say that you cant prove a negative....Ch. 16 - The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - Describe the three ways in which natural selection...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...
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- All questions a) What is the hypothesis of Griffith’s experiment? b) Why did mouse No. 3 survived? c) Why did mouse No. 4 died? d) If Griffith had injected a fifth mouse with a combination of heat-killed R strain bacteria and heat-killed S strain bacteria, would the mouse have died? Give your reason.arrow_forwardPLEASE ANSWER BOTH PARTS OF THE QUESTION a.) The Question on the image b.) From this experiment, in how many genes have we identified mutations?arrow_forwardOne experiment that showed the DNA carried genetic information was the "Transformation" experiment by Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod where they injected mice with non-pathogenetic bacteria that had been incubated in the remains of pathogenic bacteria. What did they find when they incubated non-pathogenic bacteria in just the protein from the pathogenic bacteria? In this case there was no transformation They found that the non-pathogenic bacteria were transformed into pathogenic bacteria In this case the mice were sickened but did not die They found that some of the protein could cause transformation but other proteins could notarrow_forward
- In Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophages protein coats were tagged with radioactive isotope S-32. These phages were used to infect E. coli cells and the cells were further centrifuged to form pellets. Why was the radioactivity level of S-32 found greater outside the cells compared to the E. coli cell pellets? Explain briefly. If the experiment is repeated in the same manner but this time the phage protein coats are labelled with isotope X and the phage DNA with isotope Y, which isotope’s radioactivity will be found in greater amounts in the E. coli cell pellets after centrifugation? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardC. Anagnostopoulos and I. P. Crawford isolated and studied a series of mutations that affected several steps in the biosynthetic pathway leading to tryptophan in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis . Seven of the strains that they used in their study are listed here, along with the mutation found in each strain.Strain Mutation T3 T− 168 I− 168PT I− TI I− TII I− T8 A− H25 H− To map the genes for tryptophan synthesis, they carried out a series of transformation experiments on strains having different mutations and determined the percentage of recombinants among the transformed bacteria. Their results were as follows:(refer picture) On the basis of these two-point crosses, determine the order of the genes and the distances between them. Where more than one cross was completed for a pair of genes, average the recombination rates from the different crosses. Draw a map of the…arrow_forwardConsider the following experiment. First, large populations of two mutant strains of Escherichia coli are mixed, each requiring a different, single amino acid. After plating them onto a minimal medium, 45 colonies grew. Which of the following may explain this result? A) The colonies may be due to back mutation (reversion). B) The colonies may be due to recombination. C) Either A or B is possible. D) Neither A nor B is possible.arrow_forward
- Describe the experiment done by Frederick Griffith in 1928, where the non-lethal (rough) strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria killed experimental mice when mixed with the heat-killed smooth strain. Discuss what may have happened to the rough strain after the heat-killed smooth strain was introduced and why you think the rough strain killed the mice. What would be the conclusion and significance of this study and its finding?arrow_forwardIn the Meselson experiment, would it have been possible to utilize N14 in the original bacteria and only allow growing bacteria to access N15 to build new (F1) bacteria and get the same results? Explain why. (I need an answer in full complete sentences with the question restated in the response.)arrow_forwardA student mixes some heat-killed type IIS Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria with live type IIR bacteria and injects the mixture into a mouse. The mouse develops pneumonia and dies. The student recovers some type IIS bacteria from the dead mouse. If this is the only experiment conducted by the student, has the student demonstrated that transformation has taken place? What other explanations might explain the presence of the type IIS bacteria in the dead mouse?arrow_forward
- In Experiment I, you established that beneficial mutations are rare. In Experiment II, you showed that the environment does not affect the probability of a beneficial mutation occurring. Knowing this, why then are mutations responsible for antibiotic resistance in bacteria so common?arrow_forwardChemical mutagens often cause oxidation or deamination of DNA bases. This can lead to cancer by causing: A) Activation of replication. B) Activation of transcription. C) Non Watson-Crick base pairing. OD) Changes to cytochrome P450 enzymes. OE) Activation of translation.arrow_forwarda bacteriophage has been isolated from the growth chambers that has evolved the capability to the methylate its own DNA when it is replicated inside the host bacterium. why is this a problem?arrow_forward
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